USA Fimcawnnak

USA Ram Fimcawnnak hi, vawleicung fimcawnnak ah a tha bik le sangbik pakhat a si ve. Kawlram bantuk in ca baihat hin ciah a um lo. An camipuai cu a fawi ngaingai nain, an cawnning cu a sang ngaingai. An nih ram hi, "cachung fimnak" (theory) nak in "atak fimnak" (practical) ah an sang deuh. Tang hra tang ahcun an cacawnning a fawi ngai nain, pum cawmnak a tlingmi catang sang (professional) taktak ahcun, ramdang nih tluk awk a tha lo. Abik in "research" tuahnak ah an sang taktak i, vawleicungah pakhatnak an si lai tiah ka ruat.

Ram pakhat chiatnak, thatnak le thanchonak hna hi, an ram fimcawnnak ah aa hngat. Cucaah US cozah cu fimcawnnak tha a pe ngaingai. Rampi cozah (federal) nih 2012 ah billion 941 renglo hman ding an timh. An fimcawnnak ah a dihmi tangka hi hmun thum in a ra: rampi cozah (federal), ramkulh cozah (state) le khuahun (local) cozah in an si. Ngakchia fimcawnnak hi, kai hrimhrim ding in cozah nih an ti. Fimcawnnak tha an pek caah, an ram mi 99% cu cathiam timi ah chiah an si (Kawlram cu 95.13% hi cathiam tiah an chiah hna. Hihi cozah timi asi caah, a dik lo men lai, Hi nak in kan tlawm deuh kho men).

            USA ah sianginn kaining, phun (3) in an then: Cozah tuahmi mipi sianginn (public school); ramkulh cozah theihhngalhmi pumpak sianginn (private school) le cozah nawlpekmi inn-fimcawnnak(home school) an si. 
            Public school pawl cu tangka, saya, rian le zeidang phungphai vialte ah sianginn uktu upa (school board) nih an hruai. Cozah he an I pehtlai. Private sianginn pawl cu, an mah tein an I hruai. Cozah nih tangka le zeidang policy ah a uk hna lo. Asinain camipuai ahcun cozah nih a tuahmi camipuai (standardized testing) cio zulh a si. Inn sianginn cu pumpak chungkhar nih, cozah nawlpeknak in an tuahtermi hna a si.
            Mipi sianginn (compulsory education) ah ngakchia kum hi ri khiah a um lo nain, a  tambik cu kum 5 kum 7 karah sianginn kai hram an thawk i, kum  kum 18 kuakap ah a dong. Ramkulh tam deuh ahcun, kum 18 tang cu sianginn kai hrimhrim ding ti a si. Ohio ramkulh hna ahcun, kum 18 tang a simi minung, sianginn kai ni I sianginn kai lo ahcun, palik nih lampi ah bia hal khawh le sullam ngeilo in sianginn kai lo a um ahcun nu le pa taza cuai khawh a si. 
            Mipi sianginn le pumpak sianginn hna ah hin, catang hi dot thum in an then: Primary sianginn (tang cheu- 5 kar; Kum 5-11 kar ngakchia); middle school (tang 6-8; kum 11-14 kar); high school (tang 9-12; kum 14-18 kar ngakchia) ti an si. A caan ahcun "middle school" hi "junior high" an ti; "high school" hi "secondary education"  an ti tawn. Min phun a tam ngai caah  ramdangmi caah theihthiam awk a har ngai. Kawlram min auhning he aa dan ngai caah, nulepan tampi cu an fale catang kong lung a fiang lomi tampi an um theu tawn.
            USA ram fimcawnnak ah catang an thenning cu hitin asi: tangcheu cu kum 5 in an thawk i high school tang 12 a dih tik ah, siangngakchia pakhat cu kum 17/18 a si lai. High school hi kum-4 kai a hau; tang kua (9^th grade) hi "Freshman" an ti; tang hra (10^th grade) hi "Sophomore"; tang hleikhat (11^th grade) hi "Junior" an ti; tang hleihnih (12^th grade) hi "Senior" an ti. Kan umnak Ohio ramkulh ahcun, mi pakhat hi kum 21 a tlin kum ah tanghra a dih hrimhrim lai ti a si. A dih lo ahcun achung in cun, tanghra awn khawh a si ti lo. 

Ramdang in a rami refugee tibantuk siangngakchia hna cu, ramdang I sianginn a kai bal lo zong ah, kum 18 a tlin lo ahcun kai hrimhrim a hau. Sianginn a kai bal lo zong ah, a kum zoh in "Tang cu zat a si lai" an ti kaiter tawp a si. Kawlram in a rami tam deuh, kum 14 cung a kaimi paoh cu, sianginn kai ballomi asi zong ah, tang kua ah an chiah hna. A dih manh lo dingmi cu, zanlei sianginn ah an kaiter chap hna. Cu zong i a dih lo dingmi cu a leng in GED (General Educational Development) timi an kai. An awn ahcun, "high school diploma" degree an pek hna. College le apinlei sianginn kainak nawl an ngei ve.

Theih  aherhmi pakhat cu, tang hra an awnnak ding caah, an umnak ramkulh cozah nih a herh tiah an timi camipuai hi zapite in tuah dih a si. Tang hra dih ko zong ah, cucu awn lo ahcun tang hra diploma hmuh khawh a si lo. Ohio Ramkulh ahcun, "OGT" (Ohio Graduation Test) tiah an ti i, cucu "high school" awnnak ding caah awn hrimhrim a hau. Hihi a har ngai caah, Ohio ahcun tanghra awn zong a har pah ngai. Ramkulh cheukhat ahcun mah bantuk test a um lo.

Tang hra diploma hmuh dih hnu in, "undergradute degree" hmuhnak ding caah, college asiloah university ah kum hnih kai  a herh. Sianginn luhnak (admission)  caah, "hniksaknak" (test) dang a um rih. College le university tam deuh luhnak ding caah, "TOEFL" hi ramdangmi caah a hau. Ram chungmi caah "SAT" (Scholastic Aptitude Test) a hau. A cheu college le university ahcun "TOEFL" le "SAT" an hau. Acheu ahcun "TOEFL" le tang hra lio i mark tha nawn in awn ahcun, luhnak hmuh khawh an si. Sianginn nih a ngeih. Kanan, holh le biology tbk hna , cawn chap duh ahcun, an mah he aa tlakmi subject cio ah luhnak camipuai awn ta a hau. Cu lawng ah cun college le university peh khawh a si. Mi tam deuh cu, "Associate Degree" hi sianginn man aa dengmi "Community College" ah lak tawn.

"Associate Degree" lak hnu ah, kum li kaimi College asiloah University ah "Bachelors Degree" thial khawh a si. Hika kum li sianginn kaimi pawl hi, tang hra bantukin, "Freshman, Sophomore, Junior le Senio" tiah an ti hna.  College pakhatkhat ah kum hnih asiloah Associate Degree dih ciami hna cu,  kum li sianginn i an i thial tik ah, "a kum thumnak" in an thawk khawh. Ram rum deuh a simi, India, Japan le China tibantuk siangngakchia hna hi, hi program ah hin tambik an kai.  Hi acunglei pawl "Associate Degree le Bachelors Degree" pawl hi,  "Undergraduate" tiah an ti.

Cun US ah hin "Graduate School" ti aum rih. Cu hna cu "College of Engineering, College of Management" tibantuk hna an si. Engineering, arts (weihza), science tibantuk degree phun tampi an pek. Cu an degree pekmi hna cu, "post graduate level"  asimi "Master of Arts (MA), Master of Science" (MS),  Doctor  of Philosophy (Ph.D)" tbk hna an si. Master degree tam deuh cu kum hnih an si; doctorate tam deuh cu kum li kai a hau. Hi bantuk sianginn luhnak ding caah,  GRE (Graduate Record Examinations) timi subject paruk khan a huapmi test pakhat an awn a hau. Baibal sianginn tampi zong ah GRE asilole TOEFL hal a si.

Cun US sianginn kai ning ah hin, "Professional School" timi a um rih. Cu hna lak ah, Ngandamnak (medicine), Phungphai (law), Sii (Pharmacy), Taksangandamnak (Physiotherapy)" tibantuk hna hi "pakhatnak professional degrees" (first professional) tiah ti an si. Hi sianginn I luhb khawhnak ding caah, an mah le zawn cio ah "luhnak camipuai" phun phit a hau. Law caahcun LSAT phit a hau; Ngandamnak lei caah MCAT (medicine) le Sii lei ah PCAT test hna hi phit le awn an hau. Sianginn an dih cangka in an mah le cawnmi dirhmun cio ah, an thiamnak hmannak nawl an ngei colh. Hmailei ahcun, Business Administration (BA) hi, "Doctor of Business Administration" (DBA) tiin tuah I, "pawcawmnak pakhatnak"  chiah ve ding an timh.

Theih awk a herh rihmi pakhat cu, "Sainginn kai kum le caan" (Academic Year) an then ning hi a si. Sianginn kai kum kum khat cu, "semester" in an then: "Fall, Winter, Spring le Summer"  ti in, caan caanli ah an then. Fall Semester cu August –October tiang; Winter Semester cu November-January tiang; Spring Semester cu February-April le Summer Semester cu May-July tiang an si. Sianginn cheukhat cu "semester" pathum lawng an ngei. Mah duh cio a si.

Sianginn tam deuh nih cun, Fall Semester ah siangngakchiathar an luhter hna; a cheu sianginn tlawmte nih cun zei semester paoh ah, an luhter ko hna.  Fall Semester luh hi, sianginn lei in tangka bawmhnak tam bik a um lio caan a si caah, ramdang siangngakchia caah luh caan a rembik a si. Visa hmuh zong ramdang mi caah a rem bik lio caan a si fawn.

Cun US fimcawnnak ah theih a herh rihmi cu, "Credit System" hi a si. "Credit" nih a chim duhmi cu, "semester pakhat chung ah, camipuai zeitluk in dah a awn khawh, sianginn hman tein a kai maw, sianginn nih tuah ding a timi paoh ah aa  tel ve maw, a rian a lim maw, a tuahmi an tha maw?" timi zoh in tuak a si. A cheu sianginn ahcun, "credits" ai ah, "units" le "semester hours" ti an hman  Siangngakchia pakhat nih a cawnmi subject kip ah, asungh lo paoh ahcun, "credits" zeimawzat a hmuh peng. Mark chiat le that cu amah cungah a um.

Bachelors degree hmuhnak caah "credits" 112/120 kar lim a hau. Asullam cu,  kum khat ah "credits" 24/30 tluk lim a hau. Subject pakhat khi zarh khat ah suimilam pathum in kai i, thla thum kuakap kai tik ah, cu subject ah "3 credit hours" ngeih a si. Baibal sianginn zong ah, hi credit hours hi hman deuh an si.

USA fimcawnnak ah theih a herh rihmi pakhat cu, "mark" pekning hi a si. Sianginn pakhat le khat, mah le duhning  cio in mark pek khawh a si. Sianginn tam deuh nih, "number" (40; 50 tbk) in pe lo nin, "A,B,C,D, F…" ti'n an pek. Cun  ( + ,  -) in an then rih. A,B,C,D, F phun hi, sianginn tam deuh nih an hman. Hika ah, A=4; B=3; C=2; D=1; F=0 (sungh) tinak a si. Hihi number in pechun ahcun, A=100-90; B=90-80; C=80-70; D=70-60; F=<60 asi.="" comment-60--="" nbsp="" ti="">

US sianginn system hi pakhat le khat aa dan ngai caah theih viar  awk a har ngai. A dantlangpi tu cu aa lo. Vawleicung ram sangbik pakhat asinain, ramdang a sangmi ram he epchun tik ah, USA fimcawnnak hi a sangbik le a tha bik ah an chia theng lo. Computer, calculator an hman tuk caah, siangngakchia hi an thluak a ngolh ngaingai. Ramdang Japan, India, Tuluk le Russia te hna he zuam tik ah, kanan ahcun US hi an tei ngaingai hna. Cucaah an ram hruaitu upa hna zong nih, siangngakchia "Kanan" (Math) an thiam lo tukmi hi, an i buaibai pi ngai cang. 

"Zeitindah kan fimcawnnak system hi kan remh khawh lai?" ti hi, an i al lengmang. Tlamtling lo ngai in tialmi hi, hi ca te hi US ah sianginn kai a duhmi hna fale le nulepa caah bawmtu asi theu lai timi ruahchannak he!!!