Catialtu nih, Laimi Krihfa hna, pastor, missionary, evangelist le baibal sianginn kaimi hna caah, ruah ding tampi a tial i thil tha ngai asi tiah ka ruat. Kan Krihfa sinak ah ruah ding tampi a um. Khatlei ahcun, a catialmi hi asiloning tuk in a tial. Japan ram nunphung, tuanbia, uknak le sining kong a tialmi, zoh tikah a diklomi a tam tuk.
Catialtu pakhat i a rian biapi bik cu, a dikmi thil (facts) kha mipi pek le theihter hi a si. A diklomi thil (misinformation) kha careltu le mipi pek ding asi lo. Cucu catialtu ziaza (ethics) ah thil biapi taktak asi. Samurai kong zong ah, a dik deuh lo mi thil tam tuk a um caah, mipi caah asilo ning in theihfian sual a fawite.
Cucaah, hi capar nih aa tinhmi cu, Robawm
Makazine i Laimi Samurai kong reltu
vialte nih Samurai tuanbia dik deuh in theih le an hmanthlak fiang deuh in
hmuhnak ding caah tinhmi a si. Cun Lairam caah missionary, pastor, evangelist
hna riantuannak ruang ah Lairam hnu ah a tawn maw? Hmai dah a kal deuh timi
zong fiang deuh in hmuh khawh ding hi hi capar nih aa tinh.
Samurai Thawknak
Samurai ti cu, “riantuantu” (servant) tinak a
si. Duhsah tein an thang i, Japan ram ralkap (worrior) ah an i chuah. Robawm
ah, “Samurai timi arak dirh hmasa tu hi
Tokugawa Ieyasu a si” (Robawm: p. 173) tiah a timi hi a palh. Ieyasu chan
hi, AD 1542-1616 a si (Perez: 55-62, 242). Japan ram tuanbia zoh tikah, Samurai
cu Heian Chan (794-1192) in a rak i thawk cang i, culioah Bushi (Chinese
holh) tiah an ti hna (Mente:272).
Kum zabu 12 nak ah, Japan siangpahrang
thazaang a der i uknak lei ah a derthawm caah, Samurai timi mibu phundang an
rak chuak (Compton’s Encyclopedia: 36). Samurai pawl hi an fim pinah an rak cak
tuk cang i, kum zabu 13 nak ah, Kublai Khan rangcung ralkap hmanh kha, Japan
ram lut kho lo ding in Japan rilikam in fei le nam he a rak dohkhirh khawh hna (Harries:
p.3). Samurai a chuah hi, Tokugawa Ieyasu chuah hlan, a tlawmbik kum 450-500 karh
ah rak si cang. Cucaah Samurai dirhtu hi, Tokugawa a si loh timi afiang.Tokugawa cu Samurai pawl dinfelnak he, fekte le lungrual tein umnak hnga ding caah, “Bushido” timi “phunglam” (code) sertu lawng a si. Robawm catialtu nih, cu thil pahnih cu, a cawh hna. Cucaah, Robawm i Samurai kong hi, a hram thawkte in aa palh. Thil hi a hram in aa palh ahcun, a lai, a dong a dik kho ti lo.
Cun Robawm ah, “Samurai pawl cu, siangpahrang pa inn le uknak zung ah khua an sa i, zeihmanh an tuah lo” (Robawm: 174) tiah ati. Hihi “half-truth” zatceu lawng a dikmi asi. A ruang cu “Samurai hi phun tampi an um I, siangpahrang pa inn le uknak zung ah khua an sa dih hna lo.” Cucu theihfian a herh.
Cupin ah, “zeihmanh an tuah lo” timi zong a dik lo. Samurai cu ralkap an si. Judo, karate le taksa runvennak fimnak thawktu an si. Ram kilvennak caah hriamnam, fei, li le thal hman le raltuk an cawng peng. An ram le ramukbawi kilven hi, an rian biapi bik a si. Ralkap an si bang in ralkap riante kha an tuan cio hna. An zapitein siangpahrang inn kam ah a ummi an si lo.
Careltu fiannak ding caah hitin kan tial lai. Japan tuanbia zoh tikah, Samurai phun (3) an um. Siangpahrang Samurai, ramukbawi Samurai (chungkhar samurai) le “Ronin” timi bawi le uktu ngeilo avakvaimi Samurai hna an si. “Ronin” pawl hi, an bawipa a thi, an tlaih, an ram an chuh dih hna ti bantuk ruang ah uktu ngeilo ah an cannak asi.
Siangpahrang nih a mah Samurai kha sinak thatha a pek hna bang in, ramuk bawi nih an mah le Samurai kha an zohkhenh ve hna. Ramukbawi Samurai kha, siangpahrang i Samurai nakin an niam deuh. An reng kai zong a har deuh. Samurai hi atam deuh cu, thlahlawh ah facang in an rak pek hna. A harmi cu an rak har ngai ve.
Robawm p.173 ah, “Tokugawa siangpahrang a rak si cangka in, raltuk a duh tukmi, “Tozama” pawl, ralvengtu ah a chiahmi “Fudai” pawl le a mah nawl ngeihnak ram
chung ah a ummi “Shinpan” pawl
vialte cung i uktu le nawlngeimi asi duh caah, Samurai ti in, ral tuk a thiam mi pawl kha, akhawmh dih hna i, a kuttang
ah a chiah hna i, sinak thatha a pek hna”- timi zawn hi, fian awk a har. "Samurai ti in raltuk a thiammi pawl kha a khawmh dih hna" timi zawn hi a dik lo. Tokugawa hlan in, Samurai cu an um diam cang.
Tokugawa tuahmi hi, ka fainter ta duh. 1600 hlan hi, Japan ram cu ramukbawi nih an mah le ram cio an
uk. Daimyo timi ramukbawi nih ram kau bik an rak uk. Ramukbawi cungah “shogan”
(ralbawi/general) a um. “Shogan” cu siangpahrang nih a thim. “Shogan” tampi an i
bawm i, Japan ram kha 1192 in 1868 tiang an rak uk. Cu uknak cu “Bakufu”
(military government) an ti. Hi lio ah hin, Emperor cu “amin lawng hruaitu” a
rak si.
1600 ah shogan Tokugawa Ieyasu nih ral tambik a rak tei hna i, Daimyo 200
kha a kuttang ah a rak chiah hna. Cu daimyo (rambukbawi) cu facang zeizat dah
an chuah khawh? Siangpahrang he zeitluk in dah an i naihniam timi hawih in
aphun a rak then hna. Tokugawa Ieyasu nih,
amah chungkhar naihniam bik kha “Shinpan,” ati hna.
Amah he aa pehtlai mi, zumhbikmi an si. Bakufu
he an i tlai. “Fudai” cu Tokogawa he raltuk atang timi le hawikawm zumhmi ramukbawi
an si. “Tozama” hi cu Tokugawa he pehtlaihnak an ngei lo. Ral zong an i
tu theng lo. An mah hi, zumhlobikmi, “khualeng bawi” an si i, bakufu he pehtlaiahnak an ngei lo. Hi ramukbawi vialte hi, an mahte in a ukmi ramukbawi an si. Tukugawa nih 1600 ah a kawmh dih hna i, Japan ram cu, ram pakhat ah a chiah khawh (Jensen: 40; Japan: a country study: 28). Ram aa fonh hnu zong ah, Samurai pawl cu, umsawh um lo in, an mah le an ramukbawi le an ram kha an veng. Nawlngaite in, Japan ram caah rian an rak tuan. Samurai nih ram le miphun an dirkamh tuk caah, Japan ram cu, Tuluk ral, Mongol ral le Nitlaklei Europe ram hna zong nih an rak tei kho lo (Turnbull cauk zoh). Cutluk in ram a kilvengmi Samurai hi “Zeihmanh an tuah lo, um sawh in an um” timi hi, Japan history ah hmuh ding a um lo. Catialtu phuah cawpmi a si.
“The Last Samurai” timi movie aa thlami Tom Cruise cu interview an rak tuah i, “Samurai hi zeitindah na ruah hna?” an ti. Alehmi hna cu, “Movie ka thlak hnu in Samurai tuanbia biatak te’n ka rel i, ka uar tuk hna” tiah a rak ti. Samurai a sualmi an um ve ko lai nain, Samurai taktak cu, dinfelnak hi an nunnak asi. An phung buar angah lo. Buar ahcun mah le mah thah a si. Cu tluk tiang in dinfelnak a dirpimi an si caah, Japan miphun nih an rak upat taktakmi hna an si.
Geisha le Tawzuar
Geisha timi hi, “zungthiam” tinak
asi (Gei=kutzung/arts, sha=mi/person). Robawm catialtu nih, “Samurai pawl cu an um a har tik ah, Geisha
timi ‘tawzuar pawl’ sin ah, a thlite in, kal lawng hi an rian a si ko
(Robawm: 175) tiah a ti. Geisha hi tawzuar ah a chiah hna. Hihi a palh bak. Geisha
hi tawzuar an si lo. An i dang. An i dannak kong hi, Arthur Golden tialmi, “Memoirs
of a Geisha” timi ah tling tein hmuh khawh asi. Samurai tuanbia zoh tik ah, “Tawzuar pawl sin ah, a thlite in kal lawng hi an rian deuh cu a si ko” timi bia hi, Japan history ah a um bal lo. Robawm tialtu nih a phuah cawpmi asi. Mi tuanbia tial tikah, adik lomi tialpiak phung asi lo. Cucu thil thalo a si. Samurai chan ah hin, Japan ram nungphung zoh tik ah, hlawhhlangnu sin kal a duhmi cu a thlite in kal aherh mi zong asi lo. Theihfian a herhmi cu, Geisha le tawzuar an i dang. Robawm tialtu nih hin Japan ram tuanbia le nunphung tha tein a theihthiam lo caah, Geisha hi tawzuar tiah min a sakmi hna asi. Hihi apalh ngaingai.
Mente nih hitin a tial: “Kum 1600 hnu lawng in a rak chuak. Hi lio
caan ahcun, nuamhternak (entertainment) hi pa umnak inn, hotel le eidindawr te
hna ah hin a rak si. Hi ka hmun ah, tawzuar pawl taktak zong an um ve. Geisha
pawl tampi cu, chawnhbiak thiammi, midawngtu ah an rak ruah hna. Kum tam a liam
tik ah, Geisha pawl cu, an dirhmun a hung fek. Cawnning a sang; phung in an
rengh fawn hna. Cuticun Tukugawa Shogunate pennak aa rawh kum 1868 hnu in,
tawzuar pawl sining a tla ziahmah i, Geisha pawl an hung sang. Caan tlawmpal
ah, Geisha cu fimthiamnak lei zong ah, mipi lak ah a sangbik ah an ichuah.
Tawzuar (prostitute) pawl cu, a niambik dirhmun ah an ichuah. Geisha pawl an
cawnmi cu, minung nuncanziaza, hlasak, lam, pangpar sersiam, michawnhbiak,
lakphakti puai le biazai sak ti bantuk a si. Politician pawl pakhat le khat an
izuamnak caah, a larbikmi Geisha hi nupichun tuah khawh an izuam tawn”
(Mente: 108-109). Mente nih, “geisha le tawzuar hi an i dang” tiah a ti.”
Zeicatiah an rian le sining aa dan caah a si.
Mente tialmi ca zoh tik ah, “Geisha hi nupichun a tuahtu hna cu, mirum
milian le chawletchawhrawl le politician pawl an si” ti kan hmuh. Tahchunhnak
ah, Japan ram ah an upat taktakmi le Prime minister minthang, Prince Hirobumi Ito nupi cu, Ume
timi Geisha a si. Cu nu cu, chawletpa nupichun a rak si bal. Ito hi, Meiji uknak phunghram
(constitution) suaitu ding ah Europe ram ah, 1882 ah an rak thlahmi “upadi”
thiammi a si. A rak kir hnu ah, a hawi le he Meiji uknak constitution an rak
suai i, 1889 ah an rak fehter. Cuticun Ramthar Japan a rak chuak.
Prime minister hmanh nih, Geisha a
thit ahcun, Geisha hi, an rak sang taktak ti nak asi. Prince Kimmochi Saionji zong, Geisha he an rak
iduh. Geisha taktak an rian cu, nu le pa
sualnak tuah a si lo. Capo chim le mi nuamhter tu asi deuh! Nu le pa
sualnak nan tuah hrimhrim lai lo ti zong asi lo (Reingold:107-108). Cucaah
Geisha hi, Robawm ah “tawzuar” tiah catialtu nih a ti bantuk in, tawzuar tiin min
pek le hmuh ding an si lo. Nihin ni ah Samurai cu an um ti lo. Geisha cu an tam tuk rih. Geisha hi an san ngai caah Samurai nak hmanh in, Japan ram politician le mirum hna caah an lar peng rih. Tahchunhnakah, Japan ram Takashita cozah cu 1989 ah tangka kong ah a rak tlu. Hi cozah i foreign minister, Uno Sosuke zong, Geisha nu he an it-ti timi kong ah, an rak tlaih bal. Perez nih, “Chawletchawhrawl le politicians tampi nih cun, nuchun hi langsar in an i chiah ko” (Perez: 193) ati. Hi nuchun tampi hna cu, Geisha sangsang an rak si. Cucaah nihinni tiang Geisha hi nupichun ah aa tuah rihmi hna cu, Samurai si lo in, “politician” tu an si ti a fiang ko.
Theih dingmi pakhat cu, Geisha hi a phun (class) a niam le sang an um. A asangmi cu, politician, mirum le bawi sangmi vaat an itim. A niammi cu, aa zuarmi zong an um ve ko lai. Samurai uktu hna le politician nih nupichun ah an i chiahmi zong an um ve (Mente: 109). Geisha cu an san ngai caah, “Mirum-milian le mi thawngthal ca lawng an si” (Jansen: 568) tiah an ti. Geisha cheukhat cu, ralkap palik (military police) an si. Acheu cu palik, ralkap le tiralkap (navy) an si; a cheu uknak upa riantuan an si. Ralkap mingiatu (thohlanzi) zong tampi an um. Vawlei ralpi pahnih lio ahcun, geisha hi ram le miphun caah an rak i hmang taktak (Seidensticker: 135). Cozah zong nih ramdang bawi dongtu le bawi pawl meeting ah milengdongtu ah an hman tawn hna.
Geisha hi an rak lar tuk caah, tawzuar pawl zong nih, “Geisha ka si” ti in, Geisha thuam in an izuar tawn. Cucaah, nitlakleimi le ramdang pawl, Japan ram tawzuar sin an kal tik ah, Geisha taktak le a lem an thleidang kho hna lo. Geisha thuam he, aa zuarmi, tawzuar an um ve caah, Geisha thuam aa hrukmi pauh, tawzuar ah an rak ruah sual hna.
Tachunhnak ah, “American nih Japan ram ah a voikhatnak ram palai (envoy) an thlahmi Townsend Harris zong, a dawh ngaingai mi geisha he pehtlaihnak an rak ngei bal. Tha tein an hlathlai tik ah, cu nu cu geisha taktak silo in, thilsu le tawzuar men a si” (Johnson: 77) tiah an ti. American cozah palai pakhat hmanh nih, “tawzuar kha geisha” ah a ruahsual ahcun, midang chacha nih cun an ruah sual hrimhrim hna lai ti cu a fiang ko. Cucaah Robawm catialtu zong nih, “Geisha le tawzuar” hi a palh sual ko rua hna!
Meiji Cozah
Robawm ah,
“Meiji siangpahrang” “Meiji belte nih cun,” “ Meiji nih” “Meiji i a duhmi” tiah
“Meiji” timi biafang tam ngaite a hman. Hitin ca tial tik ah, Meiji hi minung
pumpak min ah careltu nih ruah sual a fawite. Meiji hi minung pumpak min silo in, uknak min (the reign name) a si. Meiji timi a sullam cu, “Enlightened Rule,” (Ruahnakthar ngeimi uknak) ti asi. Siangpahrang min cu, Mutsuhito a si. A uknak min kha, “Meiji” ti asi caah, Emperor Meiji ti zong ah an auh. A uknak zong “Meiji cozah” tiah an ti. Kawlram i, Kungbaung-min, SLORC, SPDC ti bantuk he aa lo. Uktu min cu aa dang i, cozah min cu aa dan bang asi ve ko.
Meiji chan hi, Mutsuhito chan (1852-1912) a si. Mutsuhito hi, 1852 ah a chuak. 1867 ah a pa (Siangpahrang Komei) a thih caah, amah a kai. Siangpahrang asi ah kum 16 lawng asi. “Meiji cozah,” hi, Japan ramthar aa thawknak asi.
Robawm catialtu nih, “Zapan Samurai pawl nih, Zapan rampi hawi hnu thlai ah an canter. Cu ruang ah, siangpahrang Meiji nih hramhram in Samurai cu a hrawh (Robawm: 174-175) tiah a ti. Hihi a dik lo mi asi. Kan zoh hmanh lai.
Meiji uknak a kainak hi, Meiji Restoration timi dothlennak ruang ah a si. Zeitindah dothlennak a chuah tiahcun, “Daimyo timi a thawngmi ramukbawi hna le ralkap (Samurai) hna nih, “shogun” timi ralkap uktu (warrior ruler) kha an doh hna. Hi Shogun pawl hi Japan ram kum tampi a uktu ralkap lutlai an si. Siangpahrang kha an mah tu nih an uk. Meiji chan hlan vialte, Siangpahrang cu amin mente lawng uktu a si.
Mah lio ah hin, Japan ram hi ramukbawi nih an ram cio an rak uk. Samurai an ngei cio. Samurai hi, Siangpahrang Samurai le ramukbawi Samurai ti in pahnih an um. Cu Samurai karlak ah sining a dan tuk caah, huatralnak le entainak a um i, ram aa then caah ram a derthawm tiah ramukbawi hna nih an ruah. Siangpahrang pakhat tang i um hi a tha bik lai tiah an ruah caah, Mutsuhito hi apa a thih cang ka in, Siangpahrang ah an ser. Siangpahrang a sertu hna hi, ramukbawi le Samurai an si. Siangpahrang zong cu, “Constitutional monarchy” timi phunghram in hruaimi siangpahrang ah an thlen.
Mutsuhito hi siangpahrang asi ka ah, kum 16 lawng asi. Siangpahrang a can khawhnak le a feh khawhnak a ruang bik cu, a pa ukmi ramukbawi (Daimyo) hna le Samurai pawl nih an dirkamh caah asi. Mutsuhito siangpahrang ah a sertu le a dirkamhtu taktak cu Samurai an si. “Samurai um ti hlah seh” atitu zong, Meiji Restoration tuahtu ramukbawi le Samurai bawi pawl thiamthiam an si. Zei he dah aa lawh tiahcun, “Kawlram ah ralkap cozah (SPDC) um ti hlah seh; Democracy ah i thleng cang u sih” tiah ati tu cu, an mah ralkap thiamthiam an si bantuk asi ve ko. Japan ram ah “Samurai um ti hlah seh” tiah ralkap a thar in a dirhtu zong Samurai an si ko.
Cucaah “Meiji nih Samurai cu hramhram in a hrawh…samurai caahcun hngawng dih bantuk asi” tiah Robawm tialtu nih a tialmi hi, a diklomi ca asi. Japan ram tuanbia taktak he aa kalh. Samurai phun hi um ti lo in, chanthar Japan ralkap tu kha a thar in an ser bia asi. Cu chanthar Japan ralkap ah Samurai tam tuk an rak i tel thiamthiam.
Emperor Meiji cozah uktu hna hi
an rak fim tuk. Japan ram uknak thar phunghram suainak ding caah, Krihfa ram
asimi Europe le USA phunghram hi zohchunh tlak ah an rak ruah. Cucaah Iwakura Mission bu hi, 1871 ah America
le Europe ram fimthiamnak, thanchonak, sehthanchonak, ralkaplei, ram uknak le
sining hlathlai ding ah an rak thlah hna (Perez: 99-113). A hnu zong ah,
Nitlaklei (West) ram cawnhlat ding in, mission bu voi tampi an thlah hna. Kum
1882 Prince Hirobumi Ito hruaimi mission bu pakhat zong, Europe ramkip an uknak
phunghram (constitution) cawnhlat ding ah, Meiji cozah nih, an rak hlah than
hna (Mente: 109; Lee: 25)
An rak kir tik ah, Nitlaklei ram
thanchonnak (western civilization) hi, Krifa biaknak ruang ah asi ko tiah bia
an rak phuan. “Japan ram tuanbia ah, mah hi Krifa biaknak bantuk in a
sunglawimi thil hi kan ngei kho hrimhrim lo” tiah an rak ti. Cucaah 1888 June
thla ah, “Privy Council” timi kha, Siangpahrang Meiji hmaika ah an rak tuah. Cu
meeting cu, Japan ram uknak phunghram (constitution) serchuahnak ding caah an tuahmi
asi. Cu an meeting ah “Krifa sinak nih Europe lei kha, zeitluk in dah a thanchoter?
Kan nih nih cubantuk Krifa phunglam kan ngeih ve lo caah, zeitindah kan tuah
lai?” timi kha, Europe hlathlaitu hna nih an ruahnak hitin an phuan:
nunnak ah, an kengruangruh bantuk in a sersiam hna. Cu biaknak nih,
mikip nunnak ah an
thinlung kilne tiang in, a luhhnawh dih hna; cu biaknak nih
mipi an ruahnak dirhmun pakhat
ah a chiah khawh hna. Asinain hika ram (Japan)
ahcun, mipi nunnak le thinlung ah a
nungkhomi le rian a tuan kho mi biaknak
muru kan ngei lo. Cucaah Siangpahrang uknak hi
kan ram caah hrampi ah kan
itlaihnak a si” (Hirobumi Ito).
Cu hnu ah, midang pakhat nih,
biaknak (Christianity) nih,
ngakchia hna caah, thlarau tungpi (fimnak hrampi) a serpiak hna.
Mahbantuk hi
Japan kan sining ah a um ve lo. Kan fimthiamnak (education) kan harnak bik
zong, hika zawnte hi a si. Asinain, vanthat ee tiah, kan ram ah, mah kokek te
in kan
ingeihchuah ve mi le kan ram ah kan hmuh khawh ve mi thil, ram dang nih
an ngeih ve lo
mi thil a um ve. Cucu zeidah a si? Siangpahrang “Kukutai” timi
asi ko. Asullam cu ram le
miphun ro a si mi, Siangpahrang Uknak a si ko. Hihi
dah ti lo cu, kan ram fimthiamnak
(education) caah hrampi kan hmu kho ti lo”
(Arinori Mori).
Asiahcun hihi ruah a herh. Europe le America a thanchotertu cu “Krihfa sinak” asi tiah Japan nih an ruah. Asianhcun, cu Krihfa sinak cu aho nih dah a thawk? Ahodah riantuantu an si? “Missionary, evangelist, pastor, Krihfaupa, nubu upa, mino upa” hna an si ko lo maw? Sunday school ngakchia tiang in zumtu Krihfa an si ko lo maw?”
Robawm catialtu tu nih cun, “Missionary, pastor le biaknak hruaitu hna..” hi Lairam thanchonak dawntu, hnu thlaitertu le hnu piltertu ah a chiah hna. A chiah hna lawng si lo in, doh ding in a ti tik ah, Japan ram mifim cathiam, uktu hna le upadi thiammi hna thil hmuh ning le anih hmuh ning cu, aa dang kho taktak.
Japan Meiji cozah hmanh nih, America le Europe thanchonak hi, Krifa biaknak ruang ah a si timi an rak ruah va si kaw, Laimi nih tah, Lairam mahtluk in a than ve mi hi, zeiruang ah a si kan ti lai dah?
Robawm
catialtu nih cun, “Lairam le Lai miphun hnu ah a kan tawntertu cu, Krifa hruaitu an si.
Krifa hruaitu tiah ka ti tik ah, siangbawi, pastor, le evangelist, le adonghnak
ah bible sianginn a kaimi an zapi te ka ti duhmi a si” tiah a ti
(Robawm: 175). Lairam chung i Krifalei riantuantu hna nih, ….an duhpoh in an kan hruai
caah, Laimi cu vawleicung ah asifak, hawihnuthlai mi miphun ah, kum 100 chung
ah kan ichuah ti khawh a si” tiah a ti (Robawm: 177). Lairam pastor te,
biaknak hruaitu hna zong, Lairam Samurai
an si ve tiah a tial.
Hihi amah catialtu hmuhnak a si.
Careltu hna nangteh zeitindah na ruah? Lairam hnu ah a tawntertu hi Krihfa hruaitu an si maw? Siangbawi, pastor, evangelist le bible sianginn kaimi an si maw? Lairam sifahnak hi hi hna nih duh paoh in hruai ruang ah a si maw? Cozah unak dah asi tiah na ruah? Hi biahalnak lehnak ding cah,
atanglei hna hi ruat u sih.
(a) Fimcawnnak (Education)
Lairam cu,
ramuk bawi uknak in, chan tam ial kan rak kal. 1896 ah, Mirang kut ah kan tla.
Mirang chan hlan ah, Lairam ah sianginn pakhat hmanh an rak um lo. Fimcawn
hmunhma a um lo. Mirang cozah kai hnu zongah, cozah uktu hna le politicians
pawl nih, fimcawnnak le sianginn thatthi dirhpiak a rak um lo. Uk sawh in uk a
rak si.
Robert G. Johnson nih, “Carson te
Laitlang (Chin Hills) an phak 1899 tiang, ka theihak ahcun, cozah nih
fimcawnnak lei ah zeite hmanh an rak tuah lo. Laitlang ah sianginn pakhatte
hmanh a rak um lo” (Johnson: 456) tiah a ti phah. Mirang cozah cu, an mah uknak
fehnak ding le ram zeitindah kan uk khawh lai timi lawng an rak ruat.
Missionary bantuk in, Laimi fimnak le Lairam ceunak ding khua an rak khang
lo. Missionary an phak cangka in, an mah umnak inn te an i sak. An dih cangka, 1900 kum in mission sianginn an thawk colh i, “Siangngakchia pakhatte an rak ngei” (Johnson:64). Mah hihi a min theih a si lo. Theu kho usih law a tha tuk lai. Hi sianginn te hi, Laitlang (Chin Hills) ah rak dirh hmasatbikmi a si.
1901 ahcun Carson nih siangngakchia tam ngai ding in a rak ruah. Asinain, Kawlpa Buddhist palik a ra mi nih, Hakha Laimi pawl cu a rak fawrh hna i, mission sianginn kai hlah u; cozah sianginn tu ah kai u; cozah sianginn ahcun, manlo in nan kai lai tiah a rak ti hna. Cucaah Hakha khua Laimi nih, “mission sianginn kai cu, tirawl le tangka kan ngei lo” an rak ti i, an fa le siangngakchiapa vialte an rak banter dih hna. Laimi cu Buddhist pa tu kha an rak zumh deuh. Mission rian tha an rak pe lo.
Carson nih June 1901 ah, siangngakchia an rak ngeih ti lo caah, “Sianginn kan ngei ti lo” tiah thawng a rak thanh. Buddhist bawi pawl nih, mission sianginn zong cu an rak doh (Johnson: 283). Missionary pawl harnak tampi an tong. Cuticun an cawlcang lengmang. Harnak tampi hmanhsehlaw, ka dangdang mission sianginn tete an dirh. Can sau hnu ah, cozah nih sianginn an dirh i missionary pawl zong nih an rak bawmh ve hna. Dr. Cope hi Cozah nih Lairam caah, Honorary Insepector of Schools ah ran rak chiah.
Cucah Missionary hi Lairam caah, fimthiamnak (education) a thawk hmasattu an rak si. Politician le cozah uktu an si lo. Lairam ah, mahtluk in cathiamsang tampi um a si cang mi hi, siangbawi te hna, hlanlio Krifa hruaitu hna ruang ah dahkaw a si? An mah rak um hna hlahsehlaw, ninin ni ah Laimi hi zeidek kan va chuah hnga? Nihin ni ah, Lairam cu Kawlram pumpi ah “education” a sannak bik ramkulh pakhat aa chuahtertu thlaici cu, “missionary” le hlanlio Laimi Krihfa hruaitu hna an si timi hi, vawlei bengh i nganh khawh asi lo bantuk in a dikmi thil asi.
(b) Calei (Literature)
Laimi cu, “Saphaw
cungah kan rak tialmi ca uico nih a kan ei piak” timi tiang lawng kan ca kong
theih khawh a si. Holh a ngei i, ca a ngeilomi kan rak si. Hi lio ah Lairam hi
100% dengmang, cathiamlo an si. Ramukbawi tlawmpal le khuabawi cheukhat nih,
Kawlca tial le rel tlawmte an thiam (Johnson: 455). Cu ceu lawng cathiam an si.
Newland, Carey le Tuckt te nih,
Lairam khuamin, minung min, thil min tete hna hi, a awchuah hawih in an rak
tial hna. Tlang hna hi “klang” ti phun in. Newland nih Laica tlawmpal a rak
thawk nain, hman khawh a rak si lo. Cucaah, Carson te an phak cangka in, Laica
hi Roman cafang in tial khawh a si lai tiah an ruah caah, heh tiah an rak cawn.
An theih mi tein, Laica hitin a rak tial: “Vole le ko za van thoi a di luk a
ho nih da a sher sung?” Yahowa a sher
sung.” Hihi Laica aa thoknak khan asi. A hnu ah, Pali le Kawlca a thiammi (scholar) taktak Tilbe an hei cah i, Laica ser an rak i zuam. Tilbe catial piakmi zoh in, Lai bible cangtete tial an rak thawk. Dr. East nih a rak bawmh hna i Laica cu aa thawk. Cuticun, “Holh lawng a ngei i, ca a ngei lomi miphun cu holh le ca a ngeimi miphun pakhat ah a kan ser.” Cu a kan sertu cu “Lairam le Lai miphun hnu ah a kan tawntertu” tiah Robawm ahcun ti an si.
Missionary hi Pathian nih “fimcawnnak” lei ah a hman hna. Vawleicung khuaza ramkip ah, ca a tuahpiaktu hna hi, missionary an rak si. Korea ca, Japan le Tuluk ca hmanh khi ningcang tein aa tial khawhnak ding caah a remhtu cu missionary an si ti a si. Dictionary phunkip tuahtu zong le cauk kip lettu zong missionary an si.
Computer chungah Laica le Laiholh duhtawk in kan tial khawhnak, Makazin le cauk phunkip, hla, Bible le zeidang relcawk lo thil tampi kan tial khawhmi hi, missionary hna riantuannak thawng in a si. Missionary hi rak um hna hlah sehlaw Laimi hi zeidah kan i chuah hnga?
Carson
siangbawi nu le pa an kai tiang, Lairam ah sizung pakhatte hmanh a um rih lo.
Mirang ralkap sibawi (surgeon) pakhathnih dah ti lo cu, mipi sibawi pakhatte
hmanh an um lo. Hakha ah, ralkap sibawi Newland lawng a rak um. Pathian zong a
thei rua lo. Cucaah, Dr. East nih amah kong ah hitin a tial: “Rinhcanh awk tlaklo ralkap sibawi, rian a
tuan ti lo mi, amah cu Pathian le minung zong nih an zumh ti lo mi, bing-ei le
sualnak phunkip a kemhmi (Johnson: 86) tiah a rak ti.
Hi lio i Lairam a
rak phanmi Mirang cozah minung hi, zukhmawm, zu le sa, le sualnak phun kip he
an rak um. Lairam ah zawtnak a phunphun le
tlangrai aphunphun a rak tam tuk. “Zawtnak hi zawtnak rungrul ruang ah a si;
sii in damh khawh a si” ti zong an rak thei lo. Raithawinak lawng in damnak an
rak kawl rih. “Lairam ah titsa khamhnak a herh tuk” ti an hmuh.
Cucaah, Carson nih Lairam a phak cangka
1899 in, America ah, bawmhalnak ca hitin a rak tial: “Hi miphun hna nih, an zawt tik ah, khuachia le thlarau thalo ngeih ah
an ruah. An damnak caah, bawl le sathah (sacrifice) lawnglawng hi an rak
bochan. Silei missionary um hna sehlaw, hi lungthiangmi phun thinlung hi, awlte
in on piak khawh an si lai” (Johnson:58) tiah a ti. America ah sibawi caah bawmh
hal ah a rak kal. Cuticun Marh, 1902 ah Medical missionary Dr. East a rak phan cawlh. Dr. East le Carson an ibawm. Heh tiah Laitlang sizung caah tangka an rak kawl. Harnak le dawnkhantu tampi a ummi lak ah, 1907 ah Tyzzer Memorial Hospital cu Hakha khua ah an rak dirh. Cucu Lairam ah mipi sizung (civil hospital) a um hmasatbik a rak si. Kumkhat ah, Dr. East nih minung hi thawng in a rak zohkhenh hna. Laitlang pumpi ngacha a rak tlawng i, mizaw a rak thlawp hna. Taksa, thinlung le thlarau khamhnak caah ah, sizung le chanthar thlawpnak a kan phurhtu zong missionary an si.
(d) Cinthlaknak
Carson nih,
Lairam mission riantuanak caah cinthlaknak le saram a phunphun zuat in, mahte
cawm ding hi a rak i tinh. Lairam a thanchonak ding caah thlaici a rak cah hna
i, anhringso, theitlai, fangvoi, pe le eidin ci dangdang, pangpar ci tiang in,
America ram California in an rak kuat. Lairam ah cinthlaknak a thanchonak ding
an rak tuan.
(e) Zuatkhalhnak
Lairam vok
le ar hi an rak hme tuk. Cucaah vok le ar zong a ngan deuh in an hrin khawhnak
hna hnga, missionary nih vaivok pawl zong Lairam ah an rak kaipi hmasat. Cozah
an si lo. Hlan lio laivok cu an rak hme tuk. Cu tiang in Lairam ah zuatkhalhnak
lei ah an thancho khawhnak hnga, heh tiah rian tha an rak tuan.
Missionary
hna nih ca le holh a kan serpiak. Bible, Krfihfa hla cauk le ca dang dang tam
tuk an rak tuah. Press (canamhnak) tiang in Lairam ah an rak chiah. Biakinn
thatha a kan sak piak. Lung-ahnak seh tiang Lairam ah an rak tlunpi.
Missionary
le hlanlio pastor le Krihfa upa hna nih, Lairam ah thianhhlimhnak, ngandamnak,
dumhau tuahning, ngazuat ning, satil zuakning, cinthlak ning, lam phei deuh in
dot ning tiang, a phunphun an rak cawnpiak hna i, Lairam thanchonak tam tuk an
rak tuah. Zu nih Laimi a hrawh hna ti an rak hmuh caah, zudin thatlonak kong zong
heh tiah an rak cawnpiak hna. Pengkhat le khat huat lo ding le lehrul cham lo
ding tiang in an rak cawnpiak hna. Cuticun Laimi le Lairam khamhnak riantha an
rak tuan.
Lairam
Krihfa cannak ding caah, missionary pawl lawng an si lo. Karen Evangelist
thawngtha chimtu pawl an biapi tuk. Cu evangelist hna cu Lairam ceutertu ah
Pathian nih a rak hman ve hna. Missionary le cu evangelist hna riantuannak cu
Pathian nih thlua a chuah i, Lairam cu Kawlram ramkulh vialte lakah, Krihfa
ramkulh pakhat ah aa chuah. Krihfa rak si lo in, Shan bantuk in Buddhist rak si
u sihlaw, “Laimi le Lairam cu a um lai nain, kan holh, ca, biaknak le nunphung
ahcun Kawl kan si diam cang lai.”
Hi acunglei
thil vialte hna hrampi ah chia in, Lairam ah ZBC, CACC, CARD, CRDP le bu kip a
dirnak asi. ZTC le CCC tiang a umnak asi. America ah CBCUSA te hna a dir
khawhnak le Lawngtlai lei Laimi tiang in pehtlaihnak tha taktak a chuahtertu cu,
doh khawhlomi “Krihfa sinak” asi. Cucu
Laimi nih kan fian cikcek a hau.
Kawlram ah Krihfa a silomi miphun,
Shan, Mon, Kaya, Rakhine, Karen le miphun fa tete cu Buddha bata le Kawl holh nih a dolh cuahmah cang hna. Laimi zong
dolh cuahmah a kan timh ve. Nihin ni ah, mah holh tein a hmangmi tlangcung
khualipi ah, Hakha lawng atang cang. Krihfa sinak nih, Laiholh, ca, nunphung le
Lai khualipi a ven. Ruat rih u sih. Laimi hi Krihfa rak si hlah u sihlaw, USA, Canada, Australia le Europe ramkip hna hi kan phan hrimhrim hnga lo? Ramdang phak tik zong ah pastor, baibal siangngakchia, Krihfaupa le evangelist tete kha, Lai miphun caah hruaitu tete an rak si hna. Hi thil vialte hna ruah tikah, Missonary, pastor, egangelist le baibal siangngakchia hna hi, “Lairam hnu piltertu le hnu thlaitertu” an si le si lo cu, careltu nih bia khiah ding asi ko cang!
Japan ram a
rak rungvengtu, a kilkamhtu, a dirpitu, nunnak pek in dinfelnak a rak tanhmi
Samurai hna hi, Japan miphun le ram dirkamhtu an rak si. An mah ruang ah, Japan
ram cu Mongol le Tuluk kut in a rak him. Ram kauhtu Europe mi hna le America
ram nih Asia ram vialte an tei dih tik zong ah, Japan cu him tein a rak um. Aruang
cu Japanram Samurai hna ruangah asi.
Lairam zongah, Lai miphun le ram a
tlaulonak, holh, ca, nunphung a tlaulonak a ruang cu, Krihfa kan si caah asi.
Cu Krihfa sinak adir khawhnak cu, minung nih santlai lo ngai ah ruahmi, “Missionary,
pastor, evangelist, baibal siangngakchia, Krihfaupa, nuupa, mio upa hna le
zumtu dihlak thawng in asi ko” caah, hi hna vialte hi kei nih cun, “Lairam
vengtu le dirkamhtu Lairam Samurai
an si” tiah ka ruah. Hi ca hin, hi Laimi Samurai vialte upanak ka pek hna. Hi
vial in careltu nih Japan Ram Samurai le Lairam Samurai kong kan fiang cang
theu lai tiah ruahchank ka ngei!!!
1. Dolan, Ronald E. & Robert L. Worden. Eds. Japan: A Country Study. Washington D.C: Federal
Research Division, 1992.
2. Jansen, Marius B. The Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.
3. Johnson, Robert G. American Baptist Chin Mission. UMI Dissertation Service. A Bell & Howell
Company, 1999.
4. Johnson, Sheila K. The Japanese Through American Eyes. Standford: Standford University Press,
1988.
5. Lee, Robert. The Clash of Civilizations. Harrisburgh, PA: Trinity Press, 1999.
6. Lian, N.C. “Laimi Samurai,” Robawm Mekkazin, Chuah Hmasatbik, Sikpaar, 2000.
7. Kublin, Hyman. “Geisha,” Encyclopedia Americana, v.12, 1989.
8. Mass, Jefferey P. “Samurai,” The World Book Encylopedia, v.17, 2001.
9. Mente, Boye De. The Whole Japan Book. Phoenix: Phoenix Book, Az, 1980.
10. Perez, Louis G. The History of Japan.
Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998.
11. Reingold, Edwin M. Chrysanthemums and Thonrs: The Untold Story of Modern Japan. New
York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992.
12. Robertson, John R. Japan: From Shogun to Sony 1543-1984. New York: Atheneum, 1985.
13. Samurai,” Compton’s Encyclopedia, v.21, 1994.
14. Seidensticker, Edward. Tokyo Rising. New York: Alfred A. Noff, 1990.
15. Aikawa, Takaaki, The Mind of Japan, Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1967.
16. Turnbull, Stephen R. The
Book of Samurai. Arc+-o Publishing: New York, 1982.
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