Federal Ramkomh In Chuah Khawhnak Nawl

                                       Federal Ramkomh In Chuah Khawh Nak Nawl  (A Peh)

                              

                                                                                 By

                                                                Pu Lian Ding Hmung

Switzerland (Swiss Confederation)

USA, Canada, Australia le Germany federal ramkomh in ramkulh hna chuah khawh nak nawl kan rak langhter cang.  Atu tan ah, anmah he aa dang deuh nain, a tlangpi in an sining aa khat pah komi Switzerland ramkomh in ramkulh hna chuah khawh nak nawl kan rak langhter.

Switzerland ramkomh cu ramkulh (cantons) 26 hna fonh in dirhmi ram a si.  

An ram hi federal ramkomh a si ve ko nain; confederation ramkomh deuh a si tiah zapi deuh nih cun cohlan a si.  Confederation ramkomh ah cun federal ramkomh hna nakin, ramkulh (cantons) hna an nawl ngeihning a sang deuh.  Phundang in chim ahcun, confederation ramkomh ahcun ramkomh cozah a nawlngeihnak a tlawm deuh ngai.

Asinain, Switzerland ramkomh zong ah, ramkomh phunghrampi he i kalh in ramkulh (cantons) hna nih phunghram ser khawh a si ve hlei lo.  Ramkulh phunghram le ramkomh phunghram aa kalh sual zong ah ramkomh phunghram a nawlngeihnak a sang deuh.  Cucaah, a cheu ramkhel lei thiamsang (political scientist) pawl nih cun Switzerland ram hi federal ramkomh a si ve ko, an ram min confederation tu hi cu a hlanpi in an rak hman cangmi a si caah an hman peng rih i a si, tiah an ti ve.

Asinain, Switzerland ramkomh ah cun ramkulh hna an nawlngeihnak a san tuk caah le an phunghrampi zong ah confederation timi biafang deuh an hman caah, confederation ramkomh deuh an si ko tiah mi tam deuhpi nih cun pom a si.  

Cu bantuk a sining ruangah cun, vawleicung federal ramkomh ser a duhmi hna nih an i zohchunh ngaimi ram pakhat a si ve.

Khuaruah har a simi cu, Switzerland ram bantuk ramkulh hna nawlngeihnak a san tuknak ramkomh ah--US, Canada, Australia le Germany federal ramkomh hna bantuk in--Switzerland ramkomh chungtel a simi ramkulh (cantons) hna nih Switzerland ramkomh in chuah khawh nak nawl an Phunghrampi (Constitution) ah a um maw, tiah cun, a um ve lo.  

Cu lawng si loin, ramkulh chap le zuh khawh nak nawl zong, Switzerland rammi, mi tam deuh hnatlaknak lawng in tuah khawh a si.

Bern ramkulh hi Switzerland ramkomh khualipi a simi Bern a umnak ramkulh a si.  German holh a hmangmi le Protestant Khrihfabu an tamnak ramkulh a si.  Vawleicung ralpi pahnihnak a dih hnu ah, Bern ramkulh (canton) chung ah a ummi French holh a hmangmi le Catholics Khrihfabu chungtel a simi hna nih anmah tein ramkulh pakhat in um an duh.  Cucaah, anmah tein ramkulh pakhat dirhmun in Switzerland ramkomh chung ah um khawh nakding ah, hehtiah an cawlcang.  A caan ah cun an duhnak langhternak ah thazaang le meikhangh tibantuk tiang in an rak hman.  Cuti cun, kum sau taktak an cawlcangh hnu lawng ah, Bern ramkulh cozah nih an ramkulh chung ummi zapi sinah thimfung thlakternak (referendum) a tuah.  

Switzerland ramkomh phunghrampi nih ramkulh a um cia mi remh nakding ah siseh, ramkulh chap le zuh nakding ah siseh, Switzerland ramkomh chung ah a ummi ramkulh vialte hna hnatlaknak lak ding tiah a ti caah; Bern ramkulh in French holh a hmangmi le Catholics Khrifabu chungtel hna nih Bern ramkulh in an chuah khawh nakding ah  Switzerland ramkomh mi zapi sinah thimfung thlakternak (referendum) an tuah.  Mi tam deuh pi nih Bern ramkulh in chuak hna sehlaw ramkulh dang tein Switzerland ramkomh chung ah um ko hna seh tiah thimfung an thlak caah, 1979 kum ceo lawng ah Jura ramkulh (canton) thar an rak ser.  Asinain, Bern ramkulh chung ah a ummi French holh a hmangmi zeimawzat cu chuah duh loin Bern ramkulh ah an tang thotho ve.

Chim duhmi cu, Switzerland ramkomh chung in chuah si lo in, a um cia mi ramkulh chung in chuah i a dang ramkulh dirhmun in Switzerland ramkomh chung ah um khawh nakding hmanh kha, Switzerland ramkulh dihlak ah a ummi, mi tam deuh hnatlaknak lawng in tuah khawh a si.  A fian deuhnak le tahchunhnak in chim ahcun, bianabia sawh ah, Chinram khi Kawlram in chuah duh usih law; Kawlram chung a ummi ramkulh (states & regions) vialte ah a ummi, mi tam deuh hnatlakpinak a hau, tibantuk khi a si.  Cu hna lak ahcun Kawlte an tam bik lai tikah, mi tam deuh hnatlakpinak hmuh a har tuk lai bantuk deng khi a si.

US, Canada, Australia le Germany federal ramkomh hna bantuk in, Switzerland ramkomh in ramkulh hna nih an chuah khawh nakding ah a lam panga lawng a um ve.

1. Hal in Chuah.

A pakhatnak cu Switzerland ramkomh in chuah kan duh tiah a phungning tein hal i chuah kha a si.  A poinak bel cu, US, Canada, Australia le Germany phunghram hna bantuk in, Switzerland Phunghram ah ramkulh (cantons) hna nih nan duh caan le nan hal tikah Switzerland ramkomh in nan chuak kho timi a um lo.  Cucaah, a lam khatnak hi cu si khawh dawh a si ve lo.

2. Phunghram Remh 

A pahnihnak cu, Switzerland phunghram (constitution) remh in chuah kha a si.  Switzerland phunghram remh khawh nakding ah Switzerland rammi dihlak nih thimfung thlak i, cu hnu ah mi tam deuh nih hnatlak lawng ah remh khawh a si.

Switzerland ramkomh cu dengteo zaukphung (direct democracy) zong a hmang chihmi an si caah, Phunghram remh khawh nak a lam hi, an phunghram nih a onh ngai.

Asinain, ramkomh in chuahnak kong tibantuk ahcun rammi dihlak chung in mi tam deuh nih hnatlak pinak a hauh caah, ramkulh pakhat chuah nakding ah ramkulh dang hna nih hnatlakpi ding timi cu a har ngai ding khi a si.

3. Hramhram In Chuah

US bantuk si loin, Canada, Australia le Germany bantuk in, Switzerland ahcun zeibantuk ramkulh hmanh nih hramhram in an chuak rih lo.  Hramhram in an chuah sual zong ah ramkomh cozah nih an zoh sawh hna lai tiah zumh a si lo.  An tuk hna lai i, Switzerland ram aa tthencheu lo nakding ah an kilven ko lai.  A ruang cu Switzerland Phunghram nih chuahnak nawl a onh hna lo caah.

4. Ramkulh Mipi Tam Deuh Hnatlaknak In 

Switzerland ram ahcun ramkulh cozah lawng si loin, rammi tampi lungrual ahcun, ramkomh phunghram kan remhpiak u tiah hal khawh a si.  Cu kong ah zapi thimfung thlakternak (referendum) zong tuah khawh a si.

Asinain, kan langhter cang bantuk in, ramkulh nih ramkomh in chuahnak kong tu ah cun, a chuak duhmi ramkulh lawng si loin, ramkulh dang ah a ummi hna zong nih thimfung an thlak a hauh caah, ramkulh pakhat a chuah nakding ah ramkulh dang hna zong nih lungtlinpi timi cu a har taktak ding khi a si.

5. Switzerland Ram A Rawh Hnu Ah

A panganak cu, a ruang pakhat khat ruang ah Switzerland ram a rawh cikcek le a tthencheu sual ahcun, a duhmi nih chuah khawh nak laam a um te hnga.

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India le a dang federal ramkomh a simi hna kong zong kan rak peh te lai.  Cu hnu ah, atu bantuk in cabia kan ttial duhnak a ruang zong kan rak langhter te lai.

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Chinchiah

1. Pu Lian Ding Hmung nih atu bantuk in ram dangdang i Federal Ramkomh In Chuah Khawhnak Nawl timi a tialmi hi, capar tha le theihtlei ngaingai an si. Ram le miphun kong tuaktanmi nih theih a herh taktakmi an si. Lairam zong hi nikhat caan khat ahcun, Federal in Independent ram ah i thlen khawhnak ding tiang in vision ngeih cu a herh ko. Cucaah hi bantuk in ramdang nih Federal Ramkomh in zeitindah an rak chuah cio timi te hna kan theih chung hi a herh taktak.

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