Bawipa Pathian Na Tuahmi Thil Vialte Hi

Pathian zummi Krihfa Hlaphuahtu, Carl Roberg nih cun, van le vawlei a chung ummi vialte le minung kan sining hna hi a zoh i, "How Great Thou Art" (Zeitluk in dah na lianhngan ko) timi, Pathian thangthat hla hitin a phuah:-

           Bawipa Pathian na tuahmi thil vialte hi...Ka ruah tikah ka lung nih a phan lo..
           Arfi le khuadawm le khuari hna nih khin...Na thilti khawhnak kha an langhter ko...

Van cu chim lo in, vawleicung thil kan kut nih a tongh i, kan mit nih a hmuh khawhmi hna hmanh hi ruah lengmang tikah khuaruahhar an rak si ko. Zei ah kan rel setsai lomi le kan duh paoh in kan lamh i, biapi tuk ah kan chiah lo mi kan vawleipi hmanh hi, khuaruahhar taktak asi ko. A kong hi cawn le hlathlai len zong ah theih le hngalh khawh ding a rak si lo. Cu nih alanghtermi cu, Pathian thil sermi hna hi, a pelpawi te hmanh kan hngal kho naisai rih hna lo tinak alanghter.

Vawlei kong hi na ruat bal ve dek maw? Hi vawlei pi hi daite in a um mi in na ruah men lai. Asi lo. Kan vawleipi hi van ah vaa a zuan bantuk in pingpalo ah a zuang i aa chawk cuahmah vemi thil menmen a si ko. Hi vawlei hi kum 4.54 billion atar cangmi vawlei asi. Ding tein tah tikah meng 3,959 a sau. Vawlei nih meng million 93 a thlatnak in Nika hi a hel. Vawleipi hi second 1 ah meng 18.5 in a tli i, sumilam 1 ah meng 66,000 tluk in a tli pengmi vawleipi a si. Cu suimilam pakhat ah meng 66,000 in a tlik cuahmah bu ah, nang le kei dai tein kan um khawhmi cu khuaruahhar asi.

 
Kan umnak vawlei pingpalo ah a zuang thluahmah lio

Hi acunglei hmanthlak hi van zoh tuah hmanh. Kan vawleipi hi, arfi le thlapa le adang vawlei tampi lakah, suimilam pakhat ah meng 66,000 in a tli i aa chawk cuahmah ve ko. Arfi, thlapa, adang vawlei 800 renglo le van ah a zuangmi lungtum (asteroid) hna he i pah lo tein aa chawk peng ve ko.

Vancung cu chim lo i, kan lamhmi vawleipi hmanh ah, arfi le thlapa bantuk in aa chawk cuahmah komi le hnin lo tein nang le kei daite in kan ummi ruah hman ah, "Pathian nih a tuahmi vialte hna hi, ruah tikah lung nih a phan lo..." timi kha a tling taktak. Vancung thil cangmi chinchin nih cun an langhter chinchin ko hnga lo maw?

Mifim mi cu an fim deuhdeuh i, Pathian thilser khuaruahhar asinak an hmuh deuhdeuh. Pathian thil ser khuaruahhar asinak cu, American scientist mifim mi hna nih, van ah an hmuhmi vancung thil thar hna nih hin, an langhter khun ko.

Hi American scientist mifim hna cu an fim taktak. An thilti khawhnak a san tuk caah kan ramricu vancung khi asi an ti. Kan phak khawhnak adonghnak ramri cu, "van khi a si" an ti i, "the sky is the limit" tiah an ti. Kan nih kan phak khawh tawk cu van tiang khi asi an ti cu! Chim duhmi cu a donghnak tiang khi kan tii khawhmi ramri asi an ti  duhnak asi.

Cu tluk cun an fim, an thiam, an thawng i vancung i thil umtuning hna khi theih le hngalh khawh an i zuam. Vancung a sannak ah an kai deuhdeuh. Thil vialte theih an i zuam deuhdeuh. An kai deuhdeuh le an theih khawh lomi a tam deuhdeuh; an kai deuh deuh an theihlomi a tam deuhdeuh. An kai deuhdeuh, zuamcawhtu thar an ngei deuhdeuh.

Cu zuamcawhtu thil hna theih khawh ding caah, an i zuam deuhdeuh. Cucaah cu vancung thil umtuning theih khawhnak ding caah, minung nih phak khawh lo naqk hmun zongah, "vawlei lem" (cu-tuh) an ser i, vancung a sannak bik thil hmuh khawh an i zuam.

Cu thil hmuh khawhnak ding caah, a tha bik le a sangbik an tuahmi cu, Hubble Space Telescope timi durbing lian taktak pi aa bunhmi, "vawlei-lem" (cu-tuh) hi a si. Hubble Space Telescope cu US cozah nih 1990 kum an sermi a si.

Vawlei A Helnak Hmun: meng 347 a sang

Thlah Kum: April 24, 1990

Vacung Arannak: 4.66 meng/second

Tangka Dihmi: 2.5 billion USD

Durbing Alianhnak: 2.4 meters (7.9 ft)

Hubble Space Telescope a rian cu, vawlei in meng million tam tuk in a va hlami, vancung arfi lak khi hman thlak le vawlei ah kuat a si. Hi telescope riantuannak thawng in, US scientist pawl nih cu hlan ah hmuh ballo mi arfi hna le arfi thar aa sem cuahmah mi hna a hmuh hna. Cun "Black hole" kong zong ah tampi ruahnak thar a chuahter.


                                  

                             
 Hubble Telescope vawlei in meng 347 hlatnak ah aa hel lio

Hi Hubble Space Telescope in an hei zoh tik le hman an hei thlak tikah, a dong kho lo mi thil (universe) an hei hmuh chin lengmang. A dong rua lai tiah ruahmi kha a dong kho ti lo. Cupinah a um rua tiah an rak theih lomi arfi phun dangdang aa dawh taktakmi tampi an hei hmuh hna.

Cu arfi hna cu acheu a runrun in an um; a cheu cu tivachung nga aa dawhmi bantuk in an i dawh. Duh an nung tuk. Cu Hubble Space Telescope nih a thlakmi hmanthlak tlawmpal hi ka van tar.

Hi hmanthlak ka hmuh fate ka thinlung ah a chuak pengmi hla cu, "Bawipa Pathian na tuahmi thil vialte hi ka ruah tikah ka lung nih aphan lo...."   timi hla lengmang asi ko.

              Orion Nabula arfi

               Lihel bantuk in aa zaimi Galaxy


          Black Eye Galaxy


            Vancung rulhreu tiah an timi


          Arfi aa bumi kha an thlakmi hna asi


 
   Mit a lawh tuk caah Pathian mit an timi arfi pawl



     Christmas calendar (advent calendar) an timi


                           Pathian mit arfi

         HST nih a thlakmi black hole

 

         2012 ah an hmuh tharmi arfi no ngaimi asi

 

 

 

 

 

 

                    Hell bantuk in a linmi arfi an si

 

 

 

Minung hi zeite kan rak si lo. Kan rak hme tuk. Kan thilti khawhnak zong a rak hme tuk. Heh tiah fimthiamnak le hngalhnak kan kawl nain Bawipa Pathian nih a tuahmi thil hna hi hngalh khawh an rak si rih lo.

 

Hi arfi dawhdawh mit nih a hmuh khawhlomi hna, Hubble Telescope lawng nih a hmuh khawhmi hna, van hmuh tikah ahcun "Sertu a um" timi cu zumh lo awk a tha lo. Hi khuaruahhar thil vialte hna na hmuh tikah, Pathian a um le um lo kongah na lung ar duh ti hlah.

 

Hi thil vialte hna a sertu a um ti kha zum ko. Cucu minung kan caah a hlawk cemmi le hna a ngam cem mi thil asi ko. Fiang te in cucu na ruat  kho ve dek maw?

 

Galilee Philhlonak timi hlaphuahtu nih cun, "Fiang tein hmu kho u sih law, vawlei dihlak biakinn asi...Sermi thil vialte hna zong hi....Pathian lamkaltu an si dih" tiah ati bantuk in, Hubble Telescope nih a kan hmuhsakmi khuaruahhar thil vialte hna hi, hmuh thiam ahcun Pathian lamkaltu an si dih ko.

 

Nang tah na hmu thiam ve maw?

 

 

 

Chinchiah

1. Photos are from google.com and bing.com

 

 

Lairam Samurai

                                      

 Biahmaithi: Samurai kong hi, cawn lengmangmi a si caah, tam deuh nih theih cia dihmi a si men ko lai. Miphun pakhat tuanbia le nunphung hi a thuh tuk caah, an mah chung taktak luh le nun ve lo ahcun, an sunlawinak hi theih a rak har ngai. Samurai kong zong ah, Japan miphun nih zeitluk in dah Samurai hi an rak upat hna le tihzah hna timi zong, a lengphawthual cun theih awk a har. A ngaingai tiah, “Samurai kong tello cun Japan ram tuanbia a tling kho lo.” Cu tluk a biapimi Samurai kong hi thuk deuh in zoh u sih.

 Ruah Dingmi

              Minung hi, sining (context) a dang cio. Cucaah, tuanbia aa khat ko nain sining aa dan caah, hmuhning le lehning zong aa dang tawn.  Samurai kong zong ah, hmuhning aa lo cio lai lo. Robawm Makazine (chuahhmasatbik Sikpaar 2000, pp173-178) ah Salai Ngun Cung Lian nih tial mi “Laimi Samurai” timi kong zongah, theih ning, hngalh ning le lehning aa lo cio lai lo.
               Catialtu nih, Laimi Krihfa hna, pastor, missionary, evangelist le baibal sianginn kaimi hna  caah, ruah ding tampi a tial i thil tha ngai asi tiah ka ruat. Kan Krihfa sinak ah ruah ding tampi a um. Khatlei ahcun, a catialmi hi asiloning tuk in a tial. Japan ram nunphung, tuanbia, uknak le sining kong a tialmi, zoh tikah a diklomi a tam tuk.
             Catialtu pakhat i a rian biapi bik cu, a dikmi thil (facts) kha mipi pek le theihter hi a si. A diklomi thil (misinformation) kha careltu le mipi pek ding asi lo. Cucu catialtu ziaza (ethics) ah thil biapi taktak asi. Samurai kong zong ah, a dik deuh lo mi thil tam tuk a um caah, mipi caah asilo ning in theihfian sual a fawite.  

Cucaah, hi capar nih aa tinhmi cu, Robawm Makazine i Laimi Samurai kong reltu vialte nih Samurai tuanbia dik deuh in theih le an hmanthlak fiang deuh in hmuhnak ding caah tinhmi a si. Cun Lairam caah missionary, pastor, evangelist hna riantuannak ruang ah Lairam hnu ah a tawn maw? Hmai dah a kal deuh timi zong fiang deuh in hmuh khawh ding hi hi capar nih aa tinh.  

Samurai Thawknak

             Samurai ti cu, “riantuantu” (servant) tinak a si. Duhsah tein an thang i, Japan ram ralkap (worrior) ah an i chuah. Robawm ah, “Samurai timi arak dirh hmasa tu hi Tokugawa Ieyasu a si” (Robawm: p. 173) tiah a timi hi a palh. Ieyasu chan hi, AD 1542-1616 a si (Perez: 55-62, 242). Japan ram tuanbia zoh tikah, Samurai cu Heian Chan (794-1192) in a rak i thawk cang i, culioah Bushi (Chinese holh) tiah an ti hna (Mente:272).

            Kum zabu 12 nak ah, Japan siangpahrang thazaang a der i uknak lei ah a derthawm caah, Samurai timi mibu phundang an rak chuak (Compton’s Encyclopedia: 36). Samurai pawl hi an fim pinah an rak cak tuk cang i, kum zabu 13 nak ah, Kublai Khan rangcung ralkap hmanh kha, Japan ram lut kho lo ding in Japan rilikam in fei le nam he a rak dohkhirh khawh hna (Harries: p.3). Samurai a chuah hi, Tokugawa Ieyasu chuah hlan, a tlawmbik kum 450-500 karh ah rak si cang. Cucaah Samurai dirhtu hi, Tokugawa a si loh timi afiang.
             Tokugawa cu Samurai pawl dinfelnak he, fekte le lungrual tein umnak hnga ding caah, “Bushido” timi “phunglam” (code) sertu lawng a si. Robawm catialtu nih, cu thil pahnih cu, a cawh hna. Cucaah, Robawm i Samurai kong hi, a hram thawkte in aa palh. Thil hi a hram in aa palh ahcun, a lai, a dong a dik kho ti lo.
             Cun Robawm ah, “Samurai pawl cu, siangpahrang pa inn le uknak zung ah khua an sa i, zeihmanh an tuah lo” (Robawm: 174) tiah ati. Hihi “half-truth” zatceu lawng a dikmi asi. A ruang cu “Samurai hi phun tampi an um I, siangpahrang pa inn le uknak zung ah khua an sa dih hna lo.” Cucu theihfian a herh.
             Cupin ah, “zeihmanh an tuah lo” timi zong a dik lo. Samurai cu ralkap an si. Judo, karate le taksa runvennak fimnak thawktu an si. Ram kilvennak caah hriamnam, fei, li le thal hman le raltuk an cawng peng. An ram le ramukbawi kilven hi, an rian biapi bik a si. Ralkap an si bang in ralkap riante kha an tuan cio hna. An zapitein siangpahrang inn kam ah a ummi an si lo.
             Careltu fiannak ding caah hitin kan tial lai. Japan tuanbia zoh tikah, Samurai phun (3) an um. Siangpahrang Samurai, ramukbawi Samurai (chungkhar samurai) le “Ronin” timi bawi le uktu ngeilo avakvaimi Samurai hna an si. “Ronin” pawl hi, an bawipa a thi, an tlaih, an ram an chuh dih hna ti bantuk ruang ah uktu ngeilo ah an cannak asi.
              Siangpahrang nih a mah Samurai kha sinak thatha a pek hna bang in, ramuk bawi nih an mah le Samurai kha an zohkhenh ve hna. Ramukbawi Samurai kha, siangpahrang i Samurai nakin an niam deuh. An reng kai zong a har deuh. Samurai hi atam deuh cu, thlahlawh ah facang in an rak pek hna. A harmi cu an rak har ngai ve.

             Robawm p.173 ah, “Tokugawa siangpahrang a rak si cangka in, raltuk a duh tukmi, “Tozama” pawl, ralvengtu ah a chiahmi “Fudai” pawl le a mah nawl ngeihnak ram chung ah a ummi “Shinpan” pawl vialte cung i uktu le nawlngeimi asi duh caah, Samurai ti in, ral tuk a thiam mi pawl kha, akhawmh dih hna i, a kuttang ah a chiah hna i, sinak thatha a pek hna”- timi zawn hi, fian awk a har.  "Samurai ti in raltuk a thiammi pawl kha a khawmh dih hna" timi zawn hi a dik lo. Tokugawa hlan in, Samurai cu an um diam cang. 

            Tokugawa tuahmi hi, ka fainter ta duh. 1600 hlan hi, Japan ram cu ramukbawi nih an mah le ram cio an uk. Daimyo timi ramukbawi nih ram kau bik an rak uk. Ramukbawi cungah “shogan” (ralbawi/general) a um. “Shogan” cu siangpahrang nih a thim. “Shogan” tampi an i bawm i, Japan ram kha 1192 in 1868 tiang an rak uk. Cu uknak cu “Bakufu” (military government) an ti. Hi lio ah hin, Emperor cu “amin lawng hruaitu” a rak si.

             1600 ah shogan Tokugawa Ieyasu nih ral tambik a rak tei hna i, Daimyo 200 kha a kuttang ah a rak chiah hna. Cu daimyo (rambukbawi) cu facang zeizat dah an chuah khawh? Siangpahrang he zeitluk in dah an i naihniam timi hawih in aphun a rak then hna. Tokugawa Ieyasu nih, amah chungkhar naihniam bik kha “Shinpan,” ati hna. Amah he aa pehtlai mi, zumhbikmi an si. Bakufu he an i tlai. “Fudai” cu Tokogawa he raltuk atang timi le hawikawm zumhmi ramukbawi an si. “Tozama” hi cu Tokugawa he pehtlaihnak an ngei lo. Ral zong an i tu theng lo. An mah hi, zumhlobikmi, “khualeng bawi” an si i, bakufu he pehtlaiahnak an ngei lo.    
            Hi ramukbawi vialte hi, an mahte in a ukmi ramukbawi an si. Tukugawa nih 1600 ah a kawmh dih hna i, Japan ram cu, ram pakhat ah a chiah khawh (Jensen: 40; Japan: a country study: 28). Ram aa fonh hnu zong ah, Samurai pawl cu, umsawh um lo in, an mah le an ramukbawi le an ram kha an veng. Nawlngaite in, Japan ram caah rian an rak tuan. Samurai nih ram le miphun an dirkamh tuk caah, Japan ram cu, Tuluk ral, Mongol ral le Nitlaklei Europe ram hna zong nih an rak tei kho lo (Turnbull cauk zoh). Cutluk in ram a kilvengmi Samurai hi “Zeihmanh an tuah lo, um sawh in an um” timi hi, Japan history ah hmuh ding a um lo. Catialtu phuah cawpmi a si.  
          “The Last Samurai” timi movie aa thlami Tom Cruise cu interview an rak tuah i, “Samurai hi zeitindah na ruah hna?” an ti. Alehmi hna cu, “Movie ka thlak hnu in Samurai tuanbia biatak te’n ka rel i, ka uar tuk hna” tiah a rak ti. Samurai a sualmi an um ve ko lai nain, Samurai taktak cu, dinfelnak hi an nunnak asi. An phung buar angah lo. Buar ahcun mah le mah thah a si. Cu tluk tiang in dinfelnak a dirpimi an si caah, Japan miphun nih an rak upat taktakmi hna an si.

Geisha le Tawzuar

             Geisha timi hi, “zungthiam” tinak asi (Gei=kutzung/arts, sha=mi/person). Robawm catialtu nih, “Samurai pawl cu an um a har tik ah, Geisha timi ‘tawzuar pawl’ sin ah, a thlite in, kal lawng hi an rian a si ko (Robawm: 175) tiah a ti. Geisha hi tawzuar ah a chiah hna. Hihi a palh bak. Geisha hi tawzuar an si lo. An i dang. An i dannak kong hi, Arthur Golden tialmi, “Memoirs of a Geisha” timi ah tling tein hmuh khawh asi.  
             Samurai tuanbia zoh tik ah, “Tawzuar pawl sin ah, a thlite in kal lawng hi an rian deuh cu a si ko” timi bia hi, Japan history ah a um bal lo. Robawm tialtu nih a phuah cawpmi asi. Mi tuanbia tial tikah, adik lomi tialpiak phung asi lo. Cucu thil thalo a si. Samurai chan ah hin, Japan ram nungphung zoh tik ah, hlawhhlangnu sin kal a duhmi cu a thlite in kal aherh mi zong asi lo. Theihfian a herhmi cu, Geisha le tawzuar an i dang. Robawm tialtu nih hin Japan ram tuanbia le nunphung tha tein a theihthiam lo caah, Geisha hi tawzuar tiah min a sakmi hna asi. Hihi apalh ngaingai.

Mente nih hitin a tial: “Kum 1600 hnu lawng in a rak chuak. Hi lio caan ahcun, nuamhternak (entertainment) hi pa umnak inn, hotel le eidindawr te hna ah hin a rak si. Hi ka hmun ah, tawzuar pawl taktak zong an um ve. Geisha pawl tampi cu, chawnhbiak thiammi, midawngtu ah an rak ruah hna. Kum tam a liam tik ah, Geisha pawl cu, an dirhmun a hung fek. Cawnning a sang; phung in an rengh fawn hna. Cuticun Tukugawa Shogunate pennak aa rawh kum 1868 hnu in, tawzuar pawl sining a tla ziahmah i, Geisha pawl an hung sang. Caan tlawmpal ah, Geisha cu fimthiamnak lei zong ah, mipi lak ah a sangbik ah an ichuah. Tawzuar (prostitute) pawl cu, a niambik dirhmun ah an ichuah. Geisha pawl an cawnmi cu, minung nuncanziaza, hlasak, lam, pangpar sersiam, michawnhbiak, lakphakti puai le biazai sak ti bantuk a si. Politician pawl pakhat le khat an izuamnak caah, a larbikmi Geisha hi nupichun tuah khawh an izuam tawn” (Mente: 108-109). Mente nih, “geisha le tawzuar hi an i dang” tiah a ti.” Zeicatiah an rian le sining aa dan caah a si.

Mente tialmi ca zoh tik ah, “Geisha hi nupichun a tuahtu hna cu, mirum milian le chawletchawhrawl le politician pawl an si” ti kan hmuh. Tahchunhnak ah, Japan ram ah an upat taktakmi le Prime minister minthang, Prince Hirobumi Ito  nupi cu, Ume timi Geisha a si. Cu nu cu, chawletpa nupichun a rak si bal. Ito hi, Meiji uknak phunghram (constitution) suaitu ding ah Europe ram ah, 1882 ah an rak thlahmi “upadi” thiammi a si. A rak kir hnu ah, a hawi le he Meiji uknak constitution an rak suai i, 1889 ah an rak fehter. Cuticun Ramthar Japan a rak chuak.

             Prime minister hmanh nih, Geisha a thit ahcun, Geisha hi, an rak sang taktak ti nak asi. Prince Kimmochi Saionji zong, Geisha he an rak iduh. Geisha taktak an rian cu, nu le pa sualnak tuah a si lo. Capo chim le mi nuamhter tu asi deuh! Nu le pa sualnak nan tuah hrimhrim lai lo ti zong asi lo (Reingold:107-108). Cucaah Geisha hi, Robawm ah “tawzuar” tiah catialtu nih a ti bantuk in, tawzuar tiin min pek le hmuh ding an si lo.
            Nihin ni ah Samurai cu an um ti lo. Geisha cu an tam tuk rih. Geisha hi an san ngai caah Samurai nak hmanh in, Japan ram politician le mirum hna caah an lar peng rih. Tahchunhnakah, Japan ram Takashita cozah cu 1989 ah tangka kong ah a rak tlu. Hi cozah i foreign minister, Uno Sosuke zong, Geisha nu he an it-ti timi kong ah, an rak tlaih bal. Perez nih, “Chawletchawhrawl le politicians tampi nih cun, nuchun hi langsar in an i chiah ko” (Perez: 193) ati.  Hi nuchun tampi hna cu, Geisha sangsang an rak si. Cucaah nihinni tiang Geisha hi nupichun ah aa tuah rihmi hna cu, Samurai si lo in, “politician” tu an si ti a fiang ko.
             Theih dingmi pakhat cu, Geisha hi a phun (class) a niam le sang an um. A asangmi cu, politician, mirum le bawi sangmi vaat an itim. A niammi cu, aa zuarmi zong an um ve ko lai. Samurai uktu hna le politician nih nupichun ah an i chiahmi zong an um ve (Mente: 109). Geisha cu an san ngai caah, “Mirum-milian le mi thawngthal ca lawng an si” (Jansen: 568) tiah an ti. Geisha cheukhat cu, ralkap palik (military police) an si. Acheu cu palik, ralkap le tiralkap (navy) an si; a cheu uknak upa riantuan an si. Ralkap mingiatu (thohlanzi) zong tampi an um. Vawlei ralpi pahnih lio ahcun, geisha hi ram le miphun caah an rak i hmang taktak (Seidensticker: 135). Cozah zong nih ramdang bawi dongtu le bawi pawl meeting ah milengdongtu ah an hman tawn hna. 
              Geisha hi an rak lar tuk caah, tawzuar pawl zong nih, “Geisha ka si” ti in, Geisha thuam in an izuar tawn. Cucaah, nitlakleimi le ramdang pawl, Japan ram tawzuar sin an kal tik ah, Geisha taktak le a lem an thleidang kho hna lo. Geisha thuam he, aa zuarmi, tawzuar an um ve caah, Geisha thuam aa hrukmi pauh, tawzuar ah an rak ruah sual hna.
              Tachunhnak ah, “American nih Japan ram ah a voikhatnak ram palai (envoy) an thlahmi Townsend Harris zong, a dawh ngaingai mi geisha he pehtlaihnak an rak ngei bal. Tha tein an hlathlai tik ah, cu nu cu geisha taktak silo in, thilsu le tawzuar men a si” (Johnson: 77) tiah an ti. American cozah palai pakhat hmanh nih, “tawzuar kha geisha” ah a ruahsual ahcun, midang chacha nih cun an ruah sual hrimhrim hna lai ti cu a fiang ko. Cucaah Robawm catialtu zong nih, “Geisha le tawzuar” hi a palh sual ko rua hna!

Meiji Cozah

            Robawm ah, “Meiji siangpahrang” “Meiji belte nih cun,” “ Meiji nih” “Meiji i a duhmi” tiah “Meiji” timi biafang tam ngaite a hman. Hitin ca tial tik ah, Meiji hi minung pumpak min ah careltu nih ruah sual a fawite.
            Meiji hi minung pumpak min silo in, uknak min (the reign name) a si. Meiji timi a sullam cu, “Enlightened Rule,” (Ruahnakthar ngeimi uknak) ti asi. Siangpahrang min cu, Mutsuhito a si. A uknak min kha, “Meiji” ti asi caah, Emperor Meiji ti zong ah an auh. A uknak zong “Meiji cozah” tiah an ti. Kawlram i, Kungbaung-min, SLORC, SPDC ti bantuk he aa lo. Uktu min cu aa dang i, cozah min cu aa dan bang asi ve ko.   
            Meiji chan hi, Mutsuhito chan (1852-1912) a si. Mutsuhito hi, 1852 ah a chuak. 1867 ah a pa (Siangpahrang Komei) a thih caah, amah a kai. Siangpahrang asi ah kum 16 lawng asi. “Meiji cozah,” hi, Japan ramthar aa thawknak asi.
             Robawm catialtu nih, “Zapan Samurai pawl nih, Zapan rampi hawi hnu thlai ah an canter. Cu ruang ah, siangpahrang Meiji nih hramhram in Samurai cu a hrawh (Robawm: 174-175) tiah a ti. Hihi a dik lo mi asi. Kan zoh hmanh lai.
            Meiji uknak a kainak hi, Meiji Restoration timi dothlennak ruang ah a si. Zeitindah dothlennak a chuah tiahcun, “Daimyo timi a thawngmi ramukbawi hna le ralkap (Samurai) hna nih, “shogun” timi ralkap uktu (warrior ruler) kha an doh hna. Hi Shogun pawl hi Japan ram kum tampi a uktu ralkap lutlai an si. Siangpahrang kha an mah tu nih an uk. Meiji chan hlan vialte, Siangpahrang cu amin mente lawng uktu a si.
             Mah lio ah hin, Japan ram hi ramukbawi nih an ram cio an rak uk. Samurai an ngei cio. Samurai hi, Siangpahrang Samurai le ramukbawi Samurai ti in pahnih an um. Cu Samurai karlak ah sining a dan tuk caah, huatralnak le entainak a um i, ram aa then caah ram a derthawm tiah ramukbawi hna nih an ruah. Siangpahrang pakhat tang i um hi a tha bik lai tiah an ruah caah, Mutsuhito hi apa a thih cang ka in, Siangpahrang ah an ser. Siangpahrang a sertu hna hi, ramukbawi le Samurai an si. Siangpahrang zong cu, “Constitutional monarchy” timi phunghram in hruaimi siangpahrang ah an thlen.
            Mutsuhito hi siangpahrang asi ka ah, kum 16 lawng asi. Siangpahrang a can khawhnak le a feh khawhnak a ruang bik cu, a pa ukmi ramukbawi (Daimyo) hna le Samurai pawl nih an dirkamh caah asi. Mutsuhito siangpahrang ah a sertu le a dirkamhtu taktak cu Samurai an si. “Samurai um ti hlah seh” atitu zong, Meiji Restoration tuahtu ramukbawi le Samurai bawi pawl thiamthiam an si. Zei he dah aa lawh tiahcun, “Kawlram ah ralkap cozah (SPDC) um ti hlah seh; Democracy ah i thleng cang u sih” tiah ati tu cu, an mah ralkap thiamthiam an si bantuk asi ve ko. Japan ram ah “Samurai um ti hlah seh” tiah ralkap a thar in a dirhtu zong Samurai an si ko.
            Cucaah “Meiji nih Samurai cu hramhram in a hrawh…samurai caahcun hngawng dih bantuk asi” tiah Robawm tialtu nih a tialmi hi, a diklomi ca asi. Japan ram tuanbia taktak he aa kalh. Samurai phun hi um ti lo in, chanthar Japan ralkap tu kha a thar in an ser bia asi. Cu chanthar Japan ralkap ah Samurai tam tuk an rak i tel thiamthiam.

 Japan Ram Thanchotertu Taktak

            Emperor Meiji cozah uktu hna hi an rak fim tuk. Japan ram uknak thar phunghram suainak ding caah, Krihfa ram asimi Europe le USA phunghram hi zohchunh tlak ah an rak ruah. Cucaah Iwakura Mission bu hi, 1871 ah America le Europe ram fimthiamnak, thanchonak, sehthanchonak, ralkaplei, ram uknak le sining hlathlai ding ah an rak thlah hna (Perez: 99-113). A hnu zong ah, Nitlaklei (West) ram cawnhlat ding in, mission bu voi tampi an thlah hna. Kum 1882 Prince Hirobumi Ito hruaimi mission bu pakhat zong, Europe ramkip an uknak phunghram (constitution) cawnhlat ding ah, Meiji cozah nih, an rak hlah than hna (Mente: 109; Lee: 25)

An rak kir tik ah, Nitlaklei ram thanchonnak (western civilization) hi, Krifa biaknak ruang ah asi ko tiah bia an rak phuan. “Japan ram tuanbia ah, mah hi Krifa biaknak bantuk in a sunglawimi thil hi kan ngei kho hrimhrim lo” tiah an rak ti. Cucaah 1888 June thla ah, “Privy Council” timi kha, Siangpahrang Meiji hmaika ah an rak tuah. Cu meeting cu, Japan ram uknak phunghram (constitution) serchuahnak ding caah an tuahmi asi. Cu an meeting ah “Krifa sinak nih Europe lei kha, zeitluk in dah a thanchoter? Kan nih nih cubantuk Krifa phunglam kan ngeih ve lo caah, zeitindah kan tuah lai?” timi kha, Europe hlathlaitu hna nih an ruahnak hitin an phuan:

 “Europe ahcun, Krifa (Christianity) timi biaknak pakhat a um. Cu biaknak nih,  mipi

nunnak    ah, an kengruangruh bantuk in a sersiam hna. Cu biaknak nih, mikip nunnak ah an

thinlung kilne tiang in, a luhhnawh dih hna; cu biaknak nih mipi an ruahnak dirhmun pakhat

ah a chiah khawh hna. Asinain hika ram (Japan) ahcun, mipi nunnak le thinlung ah a

nungkhomi le rian a tuan kho mi biaknak muru kan ngei lo. Cucaah Siangpahrang uknak hi

kan ram caah hrampi ah kan itlaihnak a si” (Hirobumi Ito).

Cu hnu ah, midang pakhat nih,

           “Europe ahcun, mahbantuk kongkau ah hin, zeihmanh buainak a um lo, zeicatiah Krifa 

             biaknak (Christianity) nih, ngakchia hna caah, thlarau tungpi (fimnak hrampi) a serpiak hna.

             Mahbantuk hi Japan kan sining ah a um ve lo. Kan fimthiamnak (education) kan harnak bik

             zong, hika zawnte hi a si. Asinain, vanthat ee tiah, kan ram ah, mah kokek te in kan

             ingeihchuah ve mi le kan ram ah kan hmuh khawh ve mi thil, ram dang nih an ngeih ve lo

             mi thil a um ve. Cucu zeidah a si? Siangpahrang “Kukutai” timi asi ko. Asullam cu ram le

             miphun ro a si mi, Siangpahrang Uknak a si ko. Hihi dah ti lo cu, kan ram fimthiamnak

             (education) caah hrampi kan hmu kho ti lo” (Arinori Mori).

              Cuticun, “Japan nih Krifa sinak an rak ngeih ve lo caah, an siangpahrang kha, an ram thanchonak, fimthiamnak le uknak hrampi ah an rak chiah.” Nitlaklei ram phunghram zohchun in, Japan ram uknak phung cu an rak suai i 1889 ah rampi uknak phunghram thar an rak fehter” (Mente: 109; Lee: 25). Siangpahrang kha an pathian ( divine god) ah an rak chiah ve. Japan ram a thanchonak zong Krihfa sining an i zohchunh caah asi tiah kan ti khawh.

            Atawinak in, Meiji cozah nih Krifa biaknak hi America le Europe ram an thanchonak le an fimnak hrampi asi tiah an ruah. Hi an ruahmi hi a dik ko. Zeicatiah, vawleicung ah a thangchocia ram (developed country) timi hi ram 22 an um i, cu lak ah ram 20 hi Krifa ram an si. Ram hnih Japan le Singapore lawnglawng hi, biaknak dang ram an si. Hi ram (2) zong hi, Nitlaklei ram sining zohchun in aa hruaimi an si. Krihfa sinak nih, thlarau khamhnak lawng siloin pumpak, miphun le ram thanchonak a chuahpi.
            Asiahcun hihi ruah a herh. Europe le America a thanchotertu cu “Krihfa sinak” asi tiah Japan nih an ruah. Asianhcun, cu Krihfa sinak cu aho nih dah a thawk? Ahodah riantuantu an si? “Missionary, evangelist, pastor, Krihfaupa, nubu upa, mino upa” hna an si ko lo maw? Sunday school ngakchia tiang in zumtu Krihfa an si ko lo maw?” 
            Robawm catialtu tu nih cun, “Missionary, pastor le biaknak hruaitu hna..” hi Lairam thanchonak dawntu, hnu thlaitertu le hnu piltertu ah a chiah hna. A chiah hna lawng si lo in, doh ding in a ti tik ah, Japan ram mifim cathiam, uktu hna le upadi thiammi hna thil hmuh ning le anih hmuh ning cu, aa dang kho taktak.
             Japan Meiji cozah hmanh nih, America le Europe thanchonak hi, Krifa biaknak ruang ah a si timi an rak ruah va si kaw, Laimi nih tah, Lairam mahtluk in a than ve mi hi, zeiruang ah a si kan ti lai dah?

 Lairam Thanchotertu Hodah Asi?

            Robawm catialtu nih cun, “Lairam le Lai miphun hnu ah a kan tawntertu cu, Krifa hruaitu an si. Krifa hruaitu tiah ka ti tik ah, siangbawi, pastor, le evangelist, le adonghnak ah bible sianginn a kaimi an zapi te ka ti duhmi a si” tiah a ti (Robawm: 175). Lairam chung i Krifalei riantuantu hna nih, ….an duhpoh in an kan hruai caah, Laimi cu vawleicung ah asifak, hawihnuthlai mi miphun ah, kum 100 chung ah kan ichuah ti khawh a si” tiah a ti (Robawm: 177). Lairam pastor te, biaknak hruaitu hna zong, Lairam Samurai  an si ve tiah a tial.

Hihi amah catialtu hmuhnak a si. Careltu hna nangteh zeitindah na ruah? Lairam hnu ah a tawntertu hi Krihfa hruaitu an si maw? Siangbawi, pastor, evangelist le bible sianginn kaimi an si maw? Lairam sifahnak hi hi hna nih duh paoh in hruai ruang ah a si maw? Cozah unak dah asi tiah na ruah? Hi biahalnak lehnak ding cah, atanglei hna hi ruat u sih.

 (a) Fimcawnnak (Education)

            Lairam cu, ramuk bawi uknak in, chan tam ial kan rak kal. 1896 ah, Mirang kut ah kan tla. Mirang chan hlan ah, Lairam ah sianginn pakhat hmanh an rak um lo. Fimcawn hmunhma a um lo. Mirang cozah kai hnu zongah, cozah uktu hna le politicians pawl nih, fimcawnnak le sianginn thatthi dirhpiak a rak um lo. Uk sawh in uk a rak si.

           Robert G. Johnson nih, “Carson te Laitlang (Chin Hills) an phak 1899 tiang, ka theihak ahcun, cozah nih fimcawnnak lei ah zeite hmanh an rak tuah lo. Laitlang ah sianginn pakhatte hmanh a rak um lo” (Johnson: 456) tiah a ti phah. Mirang cozah cu, an mah uknak fehnak ding le ram zeitindah kan uk khawh lai timi lawng an rak ruat. Missionary bantuk in, Laimi fimnak le Lairam ceunak ding khua an rak khang lo.   
            Missionary an phak cangka in, an mah umnak inn te an i sak. An dih cangka, 1900 kum in mission sianginn an thawk colh i, “Siangngakchia pakhatte an rak ngei” (Johnson:64). Mah hihi a min theih a si lo. Theu kho usih law a tha tuk lai. Hi sianginn te hi, Laitlang (Chin Hills) ah rak dirh hmasatbikmi a si.
            1901 ahcun Carson nih siangngakchia tam ngai ding in a rak ruah. Asinain, Kawlpa Buddhist palik a ra mi nih, Hakha Laimi pawl cu a rak fawrh hna i, mission sianginn kai hlah u; cozah sianginn tu ah kai u; cozah sianginn ahcun, manlo in nan kai lai tiah a rak ti hna. Cucaah Hakha khua Laimi nih, “mission sianginn kai cu, tirawl le tangka kan ngei lo” an rak ti i, an fa le siangngakchiapa vialte an rak banter dih hna. Laimi cu Buddhist pa tu kha an rak zumh deuh. Mission rian tha an rak pe lo.
             Carson nih June 1901 ah, siangngakchia an rak ngeih ti lo caah, “Sianginn kan ngei ti lo” tiah thawng a rak thanh. Buddhist bawi pawl nih, mission sianginn zong cu an rak doh (Johnson: 283). Missionary pawl harnak tampi an tong. Cuticun an cawlcang lengmang. Harnak tampi hmanhsehlaw, ka dangdang mission sianginn tete an dirh. Can sau hnu ah, cozah nih sianginn an dirh i missionary pawl zong nih an rak bawmh ve hna. Dr. Cope hi Cozah nih Lairam caah, Honorary Insepector of Schools ah ran rak chiah.
              Cucah Missionary hi Lairam caah, fimthiamnak (education) a thawk hmasattu an rak si. Politician le cozah uktu an si lo. Lairam ah, mahtluk in cathiamsang tampi um a si cang mi hi, siangbawi te hna, hlanlio Krifa hruaitu hna ruang ah dahkaw a si? An mah rak um hna hlahsehlaw, ninin ni ah Laimi hi zeidek kan va chuah hnga? Nihin ni ah, Lairam cu Kawlram pumpi ah “education” a sannak bik ramkulh pakhat aa chuahtertu thlaici cu, “missionary” le hlanlio Laimi Krihfa hruaitu hna an si timi hi, vawlei bengh i nganh khawh asi lo bantuk in a dikmi thil asi.  

(b) Calei (Literature)

            Laimi cu, “Saphaw cungah kan rak tialmi ca uico nih a kan ei piak” timi tiang lawng kan ca kong theih khawh a si. Holh a ngei i, ca a ngeilomi kan rak si. Hi lio ah Lairam hi 100% dengmang, cathiamlo an si. Ramukbawi tlawmpal le khuabawi cheukhat nih, Kawlca tial le rel tlawmte an thiam (Johnson: 455). Cu ceu lawng cathiam an si.

            Newland, Carey le Tuckt te nih, Lairam khuamin, minung min, thil min tete hna hi, a awchuah hawih in an rak tial hna. Tlang hna hi “klang” ti phun in. Newland nih Laica tlawmpal a rak thawk nain, hman khawh a rak si lo. Cucaah, Carson te an phak cangka in, Laica hi Roman cafang in tial khawh a si lai tiah an ruah caah, heh tiah an rak cawn. An theih mi tein, Laica hitin a rak tial: “Vole le ko za van thoi a di luk a ho nih da a sher sung?”  Yahowa a sher sung.” Hihi Laica aa thoknak khan asi.
           A hnu ah, Pali le Kawlca a thiammi (scholar) taktak Tilbe an hei cah i, Laica ser an rak i zuam. Tilbe catial piakmi zoh in, Lai bible cangtete tial an rak thawk. Dr. East nih a rak bawmh hna i Laica cu aa thawk. Cuticun, “Holh lawng a ngei i, ca a ngei lomi miphun cu holh le ca a ngeimi miphun pakhat ah a kan ser.” Cu a kan sertu cu “Lairam le Lai miphun hnu ah a kan tawntertu” tiah Robawm ahcun ti an si.    
            Missionary hi Pathian nih “fimcawnnak” lei ah a hman hna. Vawleicung khuaza ramkip ah, ca a tuahpiaktu hna hi, missionary an rak si. Korea ca, Japan le Tuluk ca hmanh khi ningcang tein aa tial khawhnak ding caah a remhtu cu missionary an si ti a si. Dictionary phunkip tuahtu zong le cauk kip lettu zong missionary an si.
            Computer chungah Laica le Laiholh duhtawk in kan tial khawhnak, Makazin le cauk phunkip, hla, Bible le zeidang relcawk lo thil tampi kan tial khawhmi hi, missionary hna riantuannak thawng in a si.  Missionary hi rak um hna hlah sehlaw Laimi hi zeidah kan i chuah hnga?  

 (c ) Ngandamnak

            Carson siangbawi nu le pa an kai tiang, Lairam ah sizung pakhatte hmanh a um rih lo. Mirang ralkap sibawi (surgeon) pakhathnih dah ti lo cu, mipi sibawi pakhatte hmanh an um lo. Hakha ah, ralkap sibawi Newland lawng a rak um. Pathian zong a thei rua lo. Cucaah, Dr. East nih amah kong ah hitin a tial: “Rinhcanh awk tlaklo ralkap sibawi, rian a tuan ti lo mi, amah cu Pathian le minung zong nih an zumh ti lo mi, bing-ei le sualnak phunkip a kemhmi (Johnson: 86) tiah a rak ti.

            Hi lio i Lairam a rak phanmi Mirang cozah minung hi, zukhmawm, zu le sa, le sualnak phun kip he an rak um. Lairam ah zawtnak a phunphun le tlangrai aphunphun a rak tam tuk. “Zawtnak hi zawtnak rungrul ruang ah a si; sii in damh khawh a si” ti zong an rak thei lo. Raithawinak lawng in damnak an rak kawl rih. “Lairam ah titsa khamhnak a herh tuk” ti an hmuh.

            Cucaah, Carson nih Lairam a phak cangka 1899 in, America ah, bawmhalnak ca hitin a rak tial: “Hi miphun hna nih, an zawt tik ah, khuachia le thlarau thalo ngeih ah an ruah. An damnak caah, bawl le sathah (sacrifice) lawnglawng hi an rak bochan. Silei missionary um hna sehlaw, hi lungthiangmi phun thinlung hi, awlte in on piak khawh an si lai” (Johnson:58) tiah a ti. America ah sibawi caah bawmh hal ah a rak kal.
             Cuticun Marh, 1902 ah Medical missionary Dr. East a rak phan cawlh. Dr. East le Carson an ibawm. Heh tiah Laitlang sizung caah tangka an rak kawl. Harnak le dawnkhantu tampi a ummi lak ah, 1907 ah Tyzzer Memorial Hospital cu Hakha khua ah an rak dirh. Cucu Lairam ah mipi sizung (civil hospital) a um hmasatbik a rak si. Kumkhat ah, Dr. East nih minung hi thawng in a rak zohkhenh hna. Laitlang pumpi ngacha a rak tlawng i, mizaw a rak thlawp hna. Taksa, thinlung le thlarau khamhnak caah ah, sizung le chanthar thlawpnak a kan phurhtu zong missionary an si.

(d) Cinthlaknak

            Carson nih, Lairam mission riantuanak caah cinthlaknak le saram a phunphun zuat in, mahte cawm ding hi a rak i tinh. Lairam a thanchonak ding caah thlaici a rak cah hna i, anhringso, theitlai, fangvoi, pe le eidin ci dangdang, pangpar ci tiang in, America ram California in an rak kuat. Lairam ah cinthlaknak a thanchonak ding an rak tuan.  

(e) Zuatkhalhnak

            Lairam vok le ar hi an rak hme tuk. Cucaah vok le ar zong a ngan deuh in an hrin khawhnak hna hnga, missionary nih vaivok pawl zong Lairam ah an rak kaipi hmasat. Cozah an si lo. Hlan lio laivok cu an rak hme tuk. Cu tiang in Lairam ah zuatkhalhnak lei ah an thancho khawhnak hnga, heh tiah rian tha an rak tuan. 

 (f) Biaknak Leiah

            Missionary hna nih ca le holh a kan serpiak. Bible, Krfihfa hla cauk le ca dang dang tam tuk an rak tuah. Press (canamhnak) tiang in Lairam ah an rak chiah. Biakinn thatha a kan sak piak. Lung-ahnak seh tiang Lairam ah an rak tlunpi.

 (g) Thil Dangdang

            Missionary le hlanlio pastor le Krihfa upa hna nih, Lairam ah thianhhlimhnak, ngandamnak, dumhau tuahning, ngazuat ning, satil zuakning, cinthlak ning, lam phei deuh in dot ning tiang, a phunphun an rak cawnpiak hna i, Lairam thanchonak tam tuk an rak tuah. Zu nih Laimi a hrawh hna ti an rak hmuh caah, zudin thatlonak kong zong heh tiah an rak cawnpiak hna. Pengkhat le khat huat lo ding le lehrul cham lo ding tiang in an rak cawnpiak hna. Cuticun Laimi le Lairam khamhnak riantha an rak tuan.

 (h) Thawngtha Chimnak

            Lairam Krihfa cannak ding caah, missionary pawl lawng an si lo. Karen Evangelist thawngtha chimtu pawl an biapi tuk. Cu evangelist hna cu Lairam ceutertu ah Pathian nih a rak hman ve hna. Missionary le cu evangelist hna riantuannak cu Pathian nih thlua a chuah i, Lairam cu Kawlram ramkulh vialte lakah, Krihfa ramkulh pakhat ah aa chuah. Krihfa rak si lo in, Shan bantuk in Buddhist rak si u sihlaw, “Laimi le Lairam cu a um lai nain, kan holh, ca, biaknak le nunphung ahcun Kawl kan si diam cang lai.”

 Bia Khiah Ding

            Hi acunglei thil vialte hna hrampi ah chia in, Lairam ah ZBC, CACC, CARD, CRDP le bu kip a dirnak asi. ZTC le CCC tiang a umnak asi. America ah CBCUSA te hna a dir khawhnak le Lawngtlai lei Laimi tiang in pehtlaihnak tha taktak a chuahtertu cu, doh khawhlomi “Krihfa sinak”  asi. Cucu Laimi nih kan fian cikcek a hau.

           Kawlram ah Krihfa a silomi miphun, Shan, Mon, Kaya, Rakhine, Karen le miphun fa tete cu Buddha bata le Kawl holh nih a dolh cuahmah cang hna. Laimi zong dolh cuahmah a kan timh ve. Nihin ni ah, mah holh tein a hmangmi tlangcung khualipi ah, Hakha lawng atang cang. Krihfa sinak nih, Laiholh, ca, nunphung le Lai khualipi a ven.
           Ruat rih u sih. Laimi hi Krihfa rak si hlah u sihlaw, USA, Canada, Australia le Europe ramkip hna hi kan phan hrimhrim hnga lo? Ramdang phak tik zong ah pastor, baibal siangngakchia, Krihfaupa le evangelist tete kha, Lai miphun caah hruaitu tete an rak si hna. Hi thil vialte hna ruah tikah, Missonary, pastor, egangelist le baibal siangngakchia hna hi, “Lairam hnu piltertu le hnu thlaitertu” an si le si lo cu, careltu nih bia khiah ding asi ko cang!  

 Biadonghnak

            Japan ram a rak rungvengtu, a kilkamhtu, a dirpitu, nunnak pek in dinfelnak a rak tanhmi Samurai hna hi, Japan miphun le ram dirkamhtu an rak si. An mah ruang ah, Japan ram cu Mongol le Tuluk kut in a rak him. Ram kauhtu Europe mi hna le America ram nih Asia ram vialte an tei dih tik zong ah, Japan cu him tein a rak um. Aruang cu Japanram Samurai hna ruangah asi.

            Lairam zongah, Lai miphun le ram a tlaulonak, holh, ca, nunphung a tlaulonak a ruang cu, Krihfa kan si caah asi. Cu Krihfa sinak adir khawhnak cu, minung nih santlai lo ngai ah ruahmi, “Missionary, pastor, evangelist, baibal siangngakchia, Krihfaupa, nuupa, mio upa hna le zumtu dihlak thawng in asi ko” caah, hi hna vialte hi kei nih cun, “Lairam vengtu le dirkamhtu Lairam Samurai an si” tiah ka ruah. Hi ca hin, hi Laimi Samurai vialte upanak ka pek hna. Hi vial in careltu nih Japan Ram Samurai le Lairam Samurai kong kan fiang cang theu lai tiah ruahchank ka ngei!!!

Zohchunhmi Cauk Hna

1. Dolan, Ronald E. & Robert L. Worden. Eds. Japan: A Country Study. Washington D.C: Federal   

    Research Division, 1992.

2. Jansen, Marius B. The Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.

3. Johnson, Robert G. American Baptist Chin Mission. UMI Dissertation Service. A Bell & Howell

     Company, 1999.

4. Johnson, Sheila K. The Japanese Through American Eyes. Standford: Standford University Press,

      1988.

5. Lee, Robert. The Clash of Civilizations. Harrisburgh, PA: Trinity Press, 1999. Aikawa,

6.  Lian, N.C. “Laimi Samurai,” Robawm Mekkazin, Chuah Hmasatbik, Sikpaar, 2000.  

7. Kublin, Hyman. “Geisha,” Encyclopedia Americana, v.12, 1989. 

8. Mass, Jefferey P. “Samurai,” The World Book Encylopedia, v.17, 2001.

9. Mente, Boye De. The Whole Japan Book. Phoenix: Phoenix Book, Az, 1980.

10. Perez, Louis G. The History of Japan. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998.

11. Reingold, Edwin M. Chrysanthemums and Thonrs: The Untold Story of Modern Japan. New

       York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992.

12. Robertson, John R. Japan: From Shogun to Sony 1543-1984. New York: Atheneum, 1985.

13. Samurai,” Compton’s Encyclopedia, v.21, 1994.

      

14. Seidensticker, Edward. Tokyo Rising. New York: Alfred A. Noff, 1990.

15. Aikawa, Takaaki, The Mind of Japan, Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1967.

16. Turnbull, Stephen R. The Book of Samurai. Arc+-o Publishing: New York, 1982.

Vanlawng Tlami In Kum 7 Nute Anungmi

Vawleicung cu thihnak le khawndennak ram a si. Minung hi ruahlo pipi in khawndennak le thihnak a rak chuak tawn. Cu lak zong ahcun, khuaruahhar in munung nunnak le thihnak in luatnak a rak um ve. Cucu "Khuaruahhar" (Miracle) timi cu a si ko. Thih hi khuaruahhar thil asi loh. Thihnak ding thil tong ko nain in nun tu hi khuaruahhar (miracle) thil asi deuh. Cu thil khuaruahhar cu zeitindah a can ti cu kan thei kho lai lo nain, Krihfami nih cun Pathian tuahmi khuaruahhar thil asi tiah kan zumh ko lai.

                               Piper PA-34 Seneca 

Atu vanlawng a tlami chung ah, adang an thih viar i k.7 nu te a nunmi zong hi khuaruahhar thil asi. Ziah a dang an thih viar i a nih a nun hnga? 

Hi hna chungkhar hi, vanlawng fate in an chungkhar dihlak khual an tlawng ciahmah. Ruahlo pi in an engine a tha lo i, "Kan engine a tha lo" tiah vawlei ah thawng a hei thanh i, cucun zeizei lo in an dai ko. 

A caan cu January 2, 2015 zanlei nitlak lai te asi. A hmun cu Kentucky Ramkulh, khuate lei ah a si.

Nu k.7 nu te cu vanlawng a tla i midang an thi dih i, amah te lawng anung. Vanlawng tlami chung in a chuak i, meng 1 tluk a hlatnak ah, tikhal ding tluk tiang in a kih lio caan ah kedanh lo in va kal i, inn pakhat ah bawmh a va hal. Cu bawmh a va halnak cu Larry Wilkins timi pa a si.

Mr. Wilkins nih nute kong cu hitin a chim:-

"Fak tuk cun aa khawng lo nain, thisen in a khatmi nu te nih, kan innka a van kingh. Innka ka van on i a tak pum tein khawndennak le thisen in a khat i thir lengmang in a ummi ngakchia nu te ka van hmuh i ka lau tuk. Kum 7 lawng asi. A kut, a hnar, a ke, mawza pakhat te lawng aa danh i kedanh a ngei lomi nih tah bu in innka a van kingh" tiah Wilkins (71) nih Associate Press ah a chimh hna. "Cu nu te nih cun,  kan vanlawng a tla i, ka nu le pa cu an thi; keimah zong vanlawng tlami ah ka tel ve. Kan vanlawng cu a bittaling in alettalam in a um ko" tiah a kan ti ati.



Wilkins nih a ran khawh chung in, 911 ahmeh colh in palik a auh hna. Kentucky Palik Sgt. Dean Patterson nih, Federal Aviation Administration upa hna nih zeiruang ah dah Piper PA-34 vanlawng hi Kentucky nitlaktlanglei i a zuan lio, Ningani zanlei ah a tlakning asi hnga?" ti hi an rak zoh lio asi a ti. Hihi vanlawng hmete asi. 

Vanlawng a tlak hlan 5:55PM ah pilot nih kan engine a tha lo tiah vanlawng umkalnak tlaitu sin ah thawng an thanh i, suimilam cheu a rauh ah Wilkins nih 911 a auh hi asi. A tlaknak hmun hi, thingkung a chah taktaknak hmun, Buckberry Trail timi lam, Lyon Country, Kentucky ah a si. 

Nute cu Paducah khua, Lourdes Hospital ah an zohkhenh lio asi. Vanlawng a tla i aa rawkmi chung in ngakchianu te cu amah tein a rak chuak i a nainak bik inn ah a va kal. Innka a va kingh i, vanlawng an tlaknak kong cu a va chimh hna.  

"Hi nute a nunmi cu "miracle' khuaruahhar asi ko nain, khatlei ah adang 4 an thihmi cu ngaihchia tuk asi ko ee" tiah Patterson nih cun a ti ve. 

Anungmi nu te cu, vawlawng chung i a thimi upa pahnih Marty Gutzler (48) le Kimberly Gutzler (46) i an fanute asi. Vawlawng i a thimi adang pakhat cu a unu asi i, Piper Gutzler (9) a si. Adang pakhat cu an chungkhat Sierra Wilder (14) asi. An zapite in Nashville, IL ummi an si. Anungmi nute hi Sailor Gutzler asi. Cu khua cu St. Louis in nichuahlei meng 80 tluk hlatnak a ummi khua asi. An ruak cu an char dih hna i, Louisville ah autopsies tuah ding in an kuat hna.

                     Vanlawng a tlami Piper PA-34

Vanlawng hi Tallahassee , Florida in a rak i thawh i, Mount Vernon, Illinois ah zuan aa timmi asi tiah FAA nih an ti. Vanlawng nih kan engine a tha lo tiah thawng a thanh hnu hna ah, vanlawng umkalnak tuaktantu hna nih meng 5-6 tluk a hlatnak vanlawng ground ah tum ding in thawng an hei thanh ko nain, an tum manh ti lo. 

Athimi hna nupa hi furniture dawr tuahmi an si. Cu dawr cu Marty Gutzler a pa nih a rak thawkmi dawr a si. Hi hna hi an khua ah mi nih theihhngalhmi le mi nih thangthatmi le duhmi an si tiah an ti. An umnak inn cu khualai ngai, ngakchia tampi umnak asi i, innpa ngakchia cu an lung a rawk tuk ti a si. 

Chungkhar zong nih interview tuah hi an duh rih lo caah, an tuanbia hi tampi theih khawhmi a um rih lo.

Chungkhar nuamte in khual kan tlawng lai tiah saduhthahnak phun tampi he umkal lio caan i, cu ngelcel vanlawng va tlak zong cu ngaihchia taktak asi. Adang vialte thih dih i, a ngakchia bik te lawng va nun zong cu ruah ah tuk a sum tuk. Inn phan kho lo in khi zan khi a nu le pa ruak pawng ah a mah te lawng zan khuadei hei um sehlaw zeidek a va lawh hnga? 

Vanlawng a tlaknak in inn a va phak hmasatnak hi, meng 1 tluk a hla i, tiva zong tan ahau; horkuang pahnih tan  ahau; cu hnu ah thing tampi umnak le burbuk chah taktak umnak in kal a hau rih; a kik taktak fawn i degree 40 tiang in a kih lio asi fawn. Hi bu i amah te lawng hi cancan a kal khawhmi an ruah tikah, "A lungthin a thawng taktakmi asi i, cu  a lungthin thawnnak nih a khamhmi, khuaruahhar nu raltha asi ko" tiah tarpa Wilkins nih nute cu a thangthat. 

"Minung nunnak van in a tla" Laimi pipu hna nih an rak ti bang, hi nu te nunnak zong vancung ummi Khuazing Patian nih a zuah mi asi ko ti hi ruah lo awk a tha lo.

Vanlawng an tlak hi zanlei mui laite asi cang. Kentucky cu fingtlang a tam ngai caah, khua a sih ngainak hmunhma a si. Ruah ah hin tuk a sum tuk. 

Hi nu te hi zeitluk in dah a va lau hnga? Zeitluk in dah a thin a va phan hnga? Zei tluk in dah a aning a hei tih hnga? Inn a phak hlan chung vialte zeitluk in dah amah te lawng khuasik lak ah a va temtuar hnga?  Zeitluk in dah a ngaih a va chiat hnga le lungawtawm in a va um hnga? Anungmi nute le a thimi a unu te zong hi an i daw tuk le an mah pahnih te hi an um ti lengmang i, a nungmi caah ngaihchia tuk asi rih hawi. Zeitluk in dek a nungmi nu te nih a va tuar te hnga mu? 

Hi vialte ruah ah zaangfak taktak a si. Hi zong hi tuarhar thihnak pakhat asi ve ko.

Kum Thar lai zan ah an i thlakmi Marty le Kimberly Gutzler (nbcnews.com). Marty's facebook ah a chiahta mi a si. West's Reach resort restaurant ah an i thlakmi asi. An mah chung hi mi nuam ngai le aa daw ngaimi an si lai timi cu, an hmanthlak zoh in a fiang ko.

 

A pa pawngah a thumi te khi anungmi nute cu a si. An nupa farual in chungkhar tlingte an rak lenti lio caah ah khin, zeitluk in hme an rak I nuamh hnga? Tantakmi ngaktah buangro nute caah zeitluk khin dah a nu le pa le a unu te a hei ngaih hnga mu? Zeitik tiang ah vanlawng an I cit lio le an tlak lio hi amitthlam ah a va cuante hnga?

Pathian tu nih a nunnak ah dawtu tampi pe sehlaw, daihnak pe hram ko seh.