Kurdish miphun umnak ram hna |
Kurdish miphun pawl an i thekning le sining hi, Laimi (Chin timi) miphun he kan sining tuanbia aa lo ngai. Lai miphun zong Kawlram, Bangladesh le India ah kan i thek bantuk in le ram har lio ah ramkip kan vaivah bantuk in, Kurdish miphun zong hi, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Armenia le Iran ah an i thek ve i, raltuknak ruangah vawlei khuaza ramkip ah aa thekmi miphun an si ve. Kan tuanbia aa lo ngaingai. Cucaah, Laimi zong nih a ra laimi kum thawng tampi ca cuan in, Kurdish miphun chunmang hi zohchunh ding a herh ve tiah ka ruah caah, hi ca hi ka tialmi a si.
Kurdish Miphun Tuanbia Tawi
Kum zabu 20 aa thawkka ah Kurds miphun nih, an mah ramte "Kurdistan" ti in ser ding an rak i tim. Asinain Ralpi Pakhatnak a dih hnu ah Ottoman Empire cu Nitlaklei ram hna nih an tei hna i, 1920 ah Treaty of Sevres timi an rak tuah. Cu cachoh ning in, Kurdistan ram ser ding hi hnatlaknak an rak ngei. A hnu kum (3) hnu ah Treaty of Lausanne an tuah i a tu Turkey ramri an van ser tikah Kurdish miphun caaah ram ngeih ding kha an ser ti lo i, Kurdish cu an chiahtak hna. Cuticun Kurdish miphun chunmang cu, nihin ni tiang a lo thai i, kum 100 renglo ram ngeilo in an um thai.
1920 in 1930 ah Kurdish pawl cu zalawnnak hmuh an rak i zuam. Ral an rak tho nain, Turkey cozah nih fak tuk in a rak hrawh than hna. An nunphung, holh le ca an kham. An miphun min hmanh kha an rak hmanter hna lo. Ram nga ah aa thekmi Kurdish miphun cu, an umnak ram cio ah harnak le serhsatnak tampi an tong.
Cucaah ramkip aa thekmi Kurdish miphun pawl i an chunmang cu, Turkey, Syria le Iraq ram thum ah a ummi Kurds pawl komh in, ramkomh pakhat ser hi a si. Iran le Armenia ahcun an tlawm deuh caah, an thazaang a der deuh i, Syria, Iraq le Turkey tluk cun ram dirh kho ding an si tuk lo.
Turkey, Syria ;e a bikin Iraq ram ahcun Kurds pawl hi an cah tuk caah, ram thum ning in an i komh khawh lo hmanh ah, an mah le umnak ram cio ahcun, zalawnnak a hmu kho dingmi miphun pakhat an si. Cucaah hi ram (3) i Kurds pawl cawlcanghnak tawitete langhter ka duh.
PKK Cawlcanghnak
Kurdish miphun tambik an umnak le ram kau bik an ngeihnak cu Turkey ram ah a si. Hi ram ah Kurds hi 14-16 million an um. Hi Kurdish pawl hi kum 80 tluk Turkey cozah tangah harsatnak an tuar. 1978 in hruaitu Abdullah Oscalan nih PKK timi Kurdistan Workers' Party a rak dirh i, hriamnam tlaih in zalawnnak hmuh an i zuam. PKK cawlcanghnak he pehtlai in, minung 40,000 tluk an thi cang. Turkey cu NATO chungtel a si caah, a cah tuk pin ah, PKK pawl hi American vanlawng le hriamnam in an kah tik hna ah, ral an sung lengmang.
PKK dirhtu Abdullah Oscalan hi, PKK ralkap he Syria ram ah 1998 tiang khua a rak sa. Turkey cozah nih Syria kha PKK na bawmh hna timi ruangah raltuk ding in a hrocer tuk caah, Syria cozah nih PKK cu an dawi hna. Oscalan zong Russia ah a zaam. Cun ramdang in ramkip ah a zam i 1999 ah Kenya ah an tlaih. Kenya in Greek in Turkey kut ah a phan i nihin ni tiang thawng ah a um rih ko. An ram le miphun caah, thawng in dothlennak a tuah i, cauk zong tam ialte a tial cang.
PKK hi, NATO ram pawl le EU ram pawl nih cun "Terrorist bu" ah an chiah hna nain, UNO nih cun "terrorist bu" tiah a ti theng hna lo. Russia, Switzerland, Tuluk, India le Egypt nih cun "terrorist bu" ah an chia theng hna lo.Turkey ram Kurd nih an miphun ni an lawmh lio |
Nihin ni ah PKK Iraq ram chaklei ramri ah umhmun (camp) an ser i, Turkey ah ral an tu peng. Turkey ramchung i Kurdish area hi a kau taktak i, hi ram ah hin Kurdish nih zalawnnak ram an dirh sual lai timi hi, Turkey cozah nih a zungzal tein a thin a phang. Cucaah, Iraq ram ummi PKK hi fak taktak in vanlawng le tank hmang in a kah tawn hna i, Iraq le Syria cozah he zong buainak tete a um lengmang. PKK hi zeizat set dah an si timi an thei kho lo nain, 32,800 (2015) ah an si theu lai tiah an ruah. Nu ralkap zong tampi an um.
PKK ralkap pawl
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Syria ram chung ah Kurdish miphun hi 1.6-2.5 million an um. Syria ram mipi dihlak i 7-15% an si. Syria ram Kurdish pawl zong hi mahte uknak (autonomous) dirh an i zuam ve lio a si. An nih hi Syria cozah he an rak i hua tuk lo i Syria cozah nih a rak dirkamh ngaimi hna an si.
Syria Kurdish hi Syrian Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD) le Kurdistan National Council (KNC) ti in buu hnih an um. Hlan ahcun an rak i hua ngai nain, July 12, 2012 ah an i fon i, Kurdish Supreme Committee tiah an dirh. Mah cu committee tang ahcun People's Protection Units (YPG) timi ralkapbu an dirh i, mahte uknak ram a khel ve mi an si. Zalawnnak taktak cu an khel rih lo. YPG hi ralkap 50,000 tluk an um i, nu ralkap zong tampi an um. Acunglei a hring nawnmi area hi Syria ram Kurdish nih an mah tein an ukmi Federal ram a si.
Syria ram Kurd ram (Rf. the Washington Post) |
YPG hi an cak taktak. ISIS dotu ding ah USA nih a tanpimi hna an si. USA nih minung, eidin, tangka le hriamnam in a bawmh hna (US nih hriamnam a bawmhmi hna hi Turkey nih cun a duh lo). Nihin ni ah ISIS khualipi Raqqa kah ding hi an i tim cuahmah.
ISIS nih an rak tuk i an tei thailomi Kobane timi khuapi zong kha Syria Kurds pawl khua a si. ISIS nih Kobane khuapi an lak khawhlomi nih, YPG pawl hi zeitluk in dah an thawn timi a langhter. Kurdish miphun nih Kobane khua kha, an nunnak le thisen bak in an rak ven. Kurds hi an rak i tanpi ngaingai i, Kobane an kah lio zong ah Iraq ram Kurds tiang an rak i tel ve. Nihin ni ahcun, Syria ram chungah Kurdish pawl nih an area an kauh cuahmah cang i, cucu Turkey le Syria cozah an lau ngaingaimi thil pakhat a si.
YPG hi Turkey cozah nih a ral hna. US nih YPG an bawmh hna ruangah, Turkey le US zong an i rem tuk lo. A ruang cu Syria a chaklei ah Kurdish miphun ram a dirh ahcun, Turkey ram Kurdish pawl zong nih ram dan dirh ve lai timi a ruah caah a si. Cucaah nihin ni c bak ahcun, Syria ram Kurds caah Syria cozah ralkap nakin Turkey ralkap hi tihnung deuh an si.
2011 thawk in buainak ruangah Syria hi buainak aa thawk i an ram tapung ISIS, FSA le a dang tapung tam tuk he an i kah caah, a thazaang a der ngaingai. Cucu caantha ah lak in Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD) le hawikawm pawl nih, Iraq le Turkey ramri "Syria nichuah chaklei ram ah Federal ram kan ser cang" tiah March 17, 2016 ah an thanh cang. Nihin ni ah, Kurds cu an cak ngaingai cang i, Syria ram ahcun mah tein aa ukmi bantuk in an cawlcang.
Syria cozah, Turkey nih, cucu tha an pe lo. Asinain Syria cozah le Kurds cu hawikawm an rak si cia caah le Syria cozah a der tuk caah, zei an ti kho hna lo. Turkey ralkap zong Syria ram ah an lut i, nihin ni tiang Kurds nih ram an kauh sual lai ti phan ah, Syria ram ah an um rih ko. Nihin ni ah Syria Kurds pawl cu, cozah pakhat bantuk in an thawng i, ISIS dohnak caah US zong nih tampi a bawmh hna. ISIS ral dih hnu ah hi hna hi an dirhmun zeidah a lawh timi cu ruah ngai ding a si rih. "Syria he an i kap sual lai maw? Turkey zong nih tank le vanlawng in a luhhnawh sual hna lai maw?" timi theih a si rih lo.
Battalion pakhat a tlingmi Syria Kurd nu ralkap pawl |
Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Nihin ni ah, Kurdish miphun an thawnnak bik cu, Iraq ram ah a si. Iraq Kurdish pawl hi Iraqi Kurdistan tiah an au hna. Hi Kurdish pawl hi an ruahnak a sang ngaingai. An mahte uknak hi Barzani phun nih 1920 hnu deuh in an rak khelh cang. Zalawnnak hmuhnak ding caah Iraq cozah he i dohnak zong 1930 hrawng in a rak um peng. Ral thawhnak tete a um lengmang. Fak taktak in kahnak kum tam nawn a chuah hnu, March 1970 ah Iraq cozah le Kurdish dotu hna karlak ah hnatlaknak an rak ngei i, Kurdistan Region cu mahte uk ding in hnatlaknak an rak tuah.
KRG ukmi le kauh chapmi area (Rf. springtimeofnations.blogspots.com) |
Cu hnatlaknak cu Iraq cozah nih biatak in a rak nunpi lo caah a tlam a rak tling lo. A min lawng a si. Iraq cozah nih zeizongte an uk hna i, mah tein tawlrelnak ngaingai an rak ngei kho lo. Catlap cung nawlngeihnak lawng a rak si. Cucaah Kurdish cu ral an rak tho peng. Cu Kurdish ram ralkap cu, Peshmerga tiah an ti hna. Party pahnih an um ve nain, an party pahnih komh in an ralkap kha min khat tein an auh hna.
Iraq cozah tangah harnak tampi an tuar caah, 1974 ah ah Voihnihnak Iraq-Kudrish Ral a rak chuak than. Iran-Iraq Ral (1980-88) lio ah Iran nan bawmh hna timi ruangah Iraq ralkap nih Al-Anfal Campaign ti in Kurdish cu fak taktak in an rak kah hna. Saddam Hussein cozah nih chemical gas in Halabja khuapi cu an rak kah i, minung 3,000-5,000 kar an rak thi; 7,000-10,000 kar hman an rak pu. Halabja gas kahnak nih hin, Saddam Hussein kut ah, Kurdish mipi hi zeitluk in dah fahnak an rak tuar le "chemical hriamnam hi zeitluk in dah tih a nun" timi a langhtertu a si.
Halabja i gas kahnak ruangah a thimi hna ruak cheukhat |
Hi bantuk in Iraq a buai tuk lio caan ah, Peshmerga ralkap nih Kurdistan ram in Iraq ralkap cu an dawichuah hna i, nihin ni tiang Iraq ralkap cu an lut thai ti lo. Cucu Iraqi Kurdish caah tuanbia biapi taktak aa thawknak a si.
2003 ah US nih Iraq a tuk i Saddam Hussein cozah cu aa rawk. 20013 in Iraq cozah cu a buai peng i, a zaangder a der chin lengmang. Cucu Kurdistan Region caah caantha ah a tla. Iraq an der lio te ah Kurdistan Region cu heh tiah thazaang an la. Hriamnam tampi an cawk. Ralkap tam tuk an ser chap i, an cak chin lengmang. Nihin ni ahcun Peshmerga hi vawleicung ramkulh ralkap lakah a thiam bik le thawng bik an si i, cozah pakhat ralkap bantuk in an fek i an thawng cang. Iraq ralkap hmanh nih tei khawh ding an si ti lo. Cucaah 2003 i Irak an tukmi cu Kurdistan Region caah cun "laksawng hmuh" tluk a si. An nih caahcun "American hmang in Pathian nih zalawnnak a khan piak hna" ti tluk a si.
Iraq constitution 2005 ning in Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) an ser i, federal ram dirhmun tling taktak in aa uk. KRG uknak sining cu a sang ngaingai i, a min te lawng khi "Iraq cozah" tangah an um. Zeipoh hi cozah pakhat bantuk taktak in an dir i, cozah hruainak, fimcawnnak, lamsul, ralkap, palik le khuaram sining zoh tik ah, independent ram ah dir kho ding in sinak tling tein a ngei ko cang.
Zalawnnak ram dirhnak ding caah a biapi cemmi cu ralkap le hriamnam a si. Peshmerga hi, an ram, miphun, holh, ca, nunphung le lamsul kilvengtu an si i Kurdish miphun zalawnnak hmuhnak ding caah, hrampi an si. Hi hna hi an cak taktak i, ralkap 80,000-241,000 (2017) an um lai tiah an ruah. A zat hi tha tein theih khawh a si lo. Peshmerga an lutlai hi, Kurdish ram i an president a si chih.
KRG ukmi ram chungah party pahnih an um-Kurdistan Democratic Party le Patriotic Union of Kurdistan timi an si. Cu Kurdistan cu parliamentary democracy in an uk i, Parliament 111 an um. An President cu Masoud Barzani a si i 2005 ah an rak thim. 2009 ah an thim than. 2013 ah President caah kum 2 in an pehter than. 2015 ah President a sinak a rak dong. Pehter ding le pehter lo ding ah party dang he hnatlaknak an rak ngeih khawh lo caah buainak zong tam ngai a um nain, atu tiang a peh peng rih. Miza taktak a si i, 2014 ah Time makazine nih Person of the Year ah an rak tar ve.
Kurdistan region hi Iraq ram chung ummi a sinain federal taktak in aa ukmi a si. An mah tein ramdang he sipuazi an tuah kho. Ralkap le palik an ngei kho. An holh le ca an hmang kho. Meiti zong ramdang ah an zuar khawh. Iraq tangka an hmang nain, zeipaoh an mah tein an i tawlrel. An ram holh ah Kurdish le Arabic holh hi, a pahnih tein zung holh ah hman an si.
Atu lio KRG area |
An ram hi ramkulh (governorates) pali an an then-Duhok, Hawler, Silemani le Halabja ti an si. An ram hi killi meng 16,100 a kau i, minung 3,000,000 (2016) tluk an um. 2014 Iraq ram ISIS buainak ruangah Iraq chaklei khua tam ngai an lak chap caah, an area hi a kau chin lengmang. Cu ruangah Iraq cozah he zong buainak an tong pah lengmang. KRG hi an cak tuk cang. Ralkap hriamnak ah an thangcho. Minung an karh. Mirum an tam chin lengmang. An ram a daih cah a nuam.
An ram ah meiti tengkipung billion 45 tluk cawh ding a um ti a si. Ramdang company tampi an ram ah an lut. EXXON te hna zong an lut i, meiti an co cuahmah. Meiti hi pipe in Turkey le ramdang ah an zuar. Cinthlak le tourism zong in tangka tampi an hmu. Cun zuatkhalh le construction rian zong a tam ngaingai i, Iraq ram chungah a thangcho bikmi hmun a si.
An khualipi Erbil khualipi ahcun international airport lian ngaingai an ngei cang. Erbil ah Nitlaklei company tampi an luh caah, lamsul, khua le innlo a thangcho. Cucaah Erbil cu "Second Dubai" tiah an ti phah cang. Khua dawh le khua tha a si i, ramdangmi tampi khua an saknak a si. Duhok le Sulaymaniyah khuapi hna zong tourist tampi an kalnak hmun a si. Kirkuk khua zong hi KRG nih a tu lio ah an ram ah an chiah i, Iraq cozah he an i cuh. Zeidek an lawh te lai. Hi khua hi KRG tang ah a um thai ahcun, Kurdish caah cun a hlawk taktak dingmi a si.
Erbil Khualai nuamhnak pangpar dum |
Erbil International Airport |
A raoh hlan ah, ISIS ral hi a dih cang lai. ISIS ral a dih in cun "Kurdistan Regional Government" hruainak in Kurdistan Region hi zalawnnak kan la lai ti a si. Pre. Masoud Barzani nih September 25, 2017 ah "Zalawnnak kan la lai maw la lo?" timi biahalnak le thimfung peknak kan tuah cang lai" tiah thawng a thanh cang. EU le UNO zong an thanh cang hna. Iraq, Iran, Syria le Turkey nih, KRG timhmi cu biatak tein an dohkalh lio a si.
An President nih cun, "Iraq cozah he i kahnak le tuknak um lo tein dai tein lak cu kan duh. Zeibatuk thil a si hmanh ah, Kurdish miphun nih hmailei kan miphun kong cu bia kan i khiah awk le tawlrel awk a si ko. Ramdang mi nih zeihmanh nawl na kan ngeih awk a si lo.' Kurdish miphun nih miphunhme kan si caah cozah dangdang kuttang ah harnak kan ton le rawhralnak kan tonmi a tam tuk cang. Cu kan tonmi thil ruangah kan miphun ni mah tein uk le runven kan herh caaah, Kurdistan zalawnnak cu a ho hmanh nih an kham kho lai lo" tiah an President nih a ti.
Erbil innlo thar hna |
Erbil khua Family Mall |
Erbil khualipi sang pakhat |
Atu ISIS ral a van dih zuahmah i KRG zong Pre. Masoud Barzani hruainak in zawlawnnak lak ding hi timhtuahnak an ngei cuahmah ve cang. An khualipi Erbil zong ramdang khualipi bantuk taktak in an ser cuahmah. Minung an karh tuk caah, minung tam tuk nih, an khualipi Erbil cu an fuh cuahmah i, innlo thatha an sak hna. Mirum umnak sang pakhat cu inn an that tuk caah, "Dream City" tiah min an sak phah cang. Khuapi dangdang Duhok le Sulaymaniyah te hna zongah innlo thattha an sak hna. Tourist tlunnak hotel thatha khuakip ah an sak i rian zong a tam ngaingai.
Sulaymaniyah khuapi sang pakhat |
Ralkap, meihmit le palik zong an ser dih cang. An ram mipi nih Peshmerga ralkap cu tha an pek tuk hna caah, Universities in sianginn an chuah tik hman ah, "Kan zapi tein Peshmerga kan si dih" timi ca an i tlaih. An miphun caah thih ding ready an si colh cang. Cu tluk in siangngakchia thinlung zongah ram dirh ding hi timh cia an si cang.
Erbil khualai ah innlo thar sak liomi |
KRG ukmi a rea hi a kau chin lengmang. An i hruai ning a fek tuk cang. A rum zong an rum tuk cang i, zalawnnak hmuh zong ah fawi tuk in aa cawm kho ding an si. Hi Iraqi Kurdish ram hi, zeitik set ah dah zalawnnak an lak lai timi cu a fiang rih lo nain, a rau ti lai lo. Iraq ram Kurdish nih zalawnnak an lak khawh ahcun, "Iraq, Syria le Turkey ram thum ummi Kurdish pawl nih ramkomh pakhat an ser khawhnak ding caah, chunmang tlin hram aa thawknak pakhat a si" ti tluk a si cang.
Asinain KRG nih zalawnnak an lak ding ning cu a fawi lo. Zeicatiah Syria, Iran, Iraq le Turkey nih an duh lo tuk caah a si.
Ruah dingmi cu, "Iraq Kurdish nih dai te in maw zalawnnak an lak lai? Iraq he an i kap sual lai maw? Turkey nih Iraq ram ah ralkap a kua sual lai maw? Iran zong nih kahnak a tuah ve lai maw? Asiloah Iraq, Iran le Turkey hna nih a dir thar dingmi ram "Kurdistan" ram te cu an kap sual te lai maw?" timi cu, thingphang ngai in hngah cio rih ding a si ko.
Kurdish Ramkomh Chunmang
Atanglei map a senmi in aa kulhmi chung hi, Turkey, Syria le Iraq ram thum chung ummi Kurdish miphun hna komh in Kurdistan ramkomh dirh ding hi, Kurdish miphun dihlak i an chunmang a si. An chunmang hi a mak in a sang tuk. Hi bantuk in mang an manh caah, ni khat cu a tling kho mi a si ko.
Kurdish chungmang ram (Rf.israelmatzav.blogspot.com) |
Nihin ni ah Turkey le Syria le Iraq ram ummi Kurdish miphun hna komhmi ram cu dir kho rih hmanh hlah sehlaw, vawleicung thil sining cu aa thlenglengmang ve i, atu ahcun Iraq Kurdish pawl cu kum 100 khat hnu ah an chunmang tlin hram aa thawk cang. Cuvebantuk in, ni khat caan khat ah Kurdish Ramkomh Chunmang hi a tling lai lo tiah a ho nih dah an chim khawh hnga?
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Chinchiah
1. Hmun kip um Kurdish hna nih zalawnnak ram an khelhmi hi kum 100 leng a rau cang. Atu ceu ah Iraq ah zalawnnak hmuh khawh dingmi niceu tlan hram aa thawk a si. Chin miphun zong nih zalawnnak hi kan duh awk, tha kan pek awk le chun mang kan manh ve ding a si ko. Cu kan chunmang tlinnak ding caah kum 100 in 1000 zong rau ko seh. Kan ngeih cu a herh taktak.
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