Khuhlu Thei

                                                

Khuhlu hi Kawl nih "zi:bju thi" an ti. Mirang nih "eastern gooseberry; emblica officianalis ti'n an auh. Amah hi phyllanthaceae timi thei chungkhar ah mifimmi nih an chiah.

     Khuhlu pangtha cu hitin an tlai kho

Miphun Thei

Khuhlu hi, a thaw ngaingaimi thei pakhat a si. Lairam ah tampi a keuh caah, Laimi zapizaran nih fawi tein tambik hmuh le ei khawhmi thei sunglawi asi caah Chin Miphun Thei (Chin National Fruit) ah ka chiahmi a si. Hmunkip ka kip ah fawi tein hmuh khawh ding a um. Kawlram chungah Shan ram, Karen ram hmun tampi ka phan. Manipur le Mizoram zong ka phan i, Laitlang tluk in khuhlu a tammmi ram ka hmu rih lo. 

Lairam ah hi thei hi a tam ngaingai caah kan van a tha. Hi thei kan ngeihmi hi, Lairam Pathian nih thlua a chuahnak pakhat a si. Cucu hmailei ah kan fiang te lai. Hi thei hi Hindus pawl zong nih an sunhsak tuk. Thingkung thianghlim (sacred tree) ah an chiah i, an pathian Vishnu hi hi thingkung ah a um tiah an zumh phah.

Khuhlu hi a hnah a saumi phun a si

Akung, hnah le thei

Khuhlu hi a vawlei, hmunhma zulh in a kung a sanning aa dang cio. A buaktlak in thei a tlai cangmi kung cu, pe 12 in pe 45 tiang tluk an sang kho. A nge in a hnah ngiang tete an chuak i, cu a hnah ngiang tete ah hnah fatete tampi an te than i, ahnah a dip ngaingai. A cheu langno hna cu an hnah hi pe khat nawn a saumi tampi a um. 

      Pe 40 leng a sang kho

Vawlei chiatnak ahcun a hnah an tawi lawng silo in, a kung an hme, an niam i, a thei zong a hme deuh. A hah zong an hak deuh. Akhat zong a kha deuh.

Khuhlu hi a tam deuh cu a kihnak ah a tam deuh an keu. A kihtuknak zong ah a tam tuk lo. Nilinhnak tualram kan timi ahcun khuhlu a tlawm pin ah an tlai a tha tuk lo.

Khuhlua hi a tlai duh taktakmi thei a si. A thei hi a pum i, a multlawr le a naal. A cheu hmunhma ahcun a kung le nge nih tuarh lo tiang in a tlai kho. A hmunhma le khuacaan zulh in a thei a thawt ning aa dang. A thei hi a thurmi phun a si. A cheu cu a thur deuh; a cheu a kha deuh, a phak deuh le a thlum deuh ti in an um ve hna. Acheu cu a hak i, acheu cu an hnip. A cheu cu zawtnak nih a tlak i, a pang a tha lomi zong an um ve.

           Khuhlu langno

Hmannak

Lairam ahcun cun sipuazi ca in kan hmang kho rih lo. A hring in ei, phawmh le a hang din hi kan hman cemmi a si. A cheu cu an car i, a kum in ei khawh a si. Adawng no hi haa thiannak le haa fehtertu asi tiah an zumh. India ram ahcun lutawlnak le sam dinternak caah a theihang hi an hman. Dur chung ah cite, hmathak le zeidang supsap he an cawh i, pickcle timi mehthaw taktak ah an ser.

Khuhlu in Vitamin-C zong an ser. Adip (powder) ah an ser i, sii caah le dinding hang caah an hman. 

Himalaya Amla (Vitamin C mum)

Khuhlu dip sii caah an hmanmi

          Khuhlu hang (juice)

       

Sii Lei Hlathlainak (Medical Research)

Khuhlu hi zawtnak damhnak le damnak caah bawmtu asi theu lai tiah an ruah. Tuaktantu pawl nih khuhlu nih hin, antioxidant timi zawtnak dohtu dat tam ngai a ngei tiah ruahchannak um ngai in an chim.

India ram i, khuhlu phun hi ngandamnak sii caah a tha hnga maw tiah hniksaknak an tuah cang. Khuhlu chung ah, "in vitro antiviral" timi "virus rungrul" doh khawhnak le "antimicrobial" timi "rungrul fate thah khawhnak" asiloah "thang kho lo in tuahnak" dat a um ti asi. Ruh phin (rheumatoid arthristis) le ruh nenno ruangah ruh kuaiman zawtnak (osteoporosis) te hna damh khawhnak a um men lai tiah an zumh. Cancer cheukhat cu khuahlu nih nih a doh khawh pah tiah an hniksaknak ah an hmuh. Zu cungah hniksaknak an tuah tikah, khuhlu nih rawlrialtu (pancreatis) aphingmi zawtnak (acute pancreatitis) hi a zawrter ti a si. Cu rawlrialtu cu zawtnak a ton hnu le rawhnak a ton hnu ah, a damnak ding le a remhtu ca zong ah khuhlu hi a tha ngai ti a si. 

A tlai a thami khuhlu

Khuhlu hnah, a hawng le a thei hna nih hin, zunthlum, upatlei kal zawtnak (age related renal disease) le taksachung phin phunphai (inflamation) hna hi dohnak thazaang a ngei tiah an ti. Naite hniksaknak an tuahmi ah thi thlum (blood glucose) tampi a tumter khawh caah zunthlum caah damnak sii pakhat asi te lai tiah an ruah. Minung thisen chung  thau dat (cholestrol) a tam tukmi zong a tumter khawh ti asi. Thin lei damlonak (enzymealananine transaminase activity) ca zong ah bawmtu sii pakhat a si ti asi.

     A thei he a hnah he sii ah an hman

Khuhlu thei ah hin, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) tampi (445mg/100g) aa tel ti asi. Cun khuhlu chungah hin "ellagitannins" timi zawtnak doh khotu "antioxidant dat"  tampi aa tel caah zawtnak dohnak lei ah a cak ngaingaimi dat a um ti asi. Hi dat chungah hin "emblicannin A (37%); emblicanin B (33%), punigluconin (12%), le pedunculagin (14%) aa tel. Cun punifafolin le phyllanemblinin A, phyllanemblin le adang polyphenols (flavonoids, kaempferol, ellagic acid le gallic acid) hna an i tel. Hi hna hi zawtnak dohtu dat pawl an si.



Khuhlu in sermi Vitamin-C

India miphun ngandamnak cauk "Ayurveda" timi ah, khuhlu thei (emblica officanalis) cu, a thei, amu, ahnah, ahram, ahawng le apar tiang in, zunthlum thlawpnak, chungthlet zawtnak (chronic diarrhea), titsa phin damnak (anti-inflammatory) taksa phingmi thlawpnak (anti-tumor), fahtheihlonak (analgesic) le zawtnak dohtu dat (antioxidant) caah an hman.


Khuhlu in sermi lu tawlnak le sam thuh

Khuhlu thei phun khat a simi, Indian gooseberry (Amla) timi hi, Thai miphun nih zawt thlawpnak ah an hman ve. Tar a hartertu asi an ti. Cumpi, taklinh, chungfer, thinphin, thin zawtnak dangdang, pawfah phunphai, taksa rawkmi remhnak (restorative), pawpi phin/hmami (alterativeprevent peptic ulcer), rawl ei khawhka chung nuamh lo (dyspepsia) le rawl rial bawmtu (digestive) caah an hman. Hi khuhlu thei in juice le gooseberry chiti zong an ser. Cahang, lu tawlnak (shampoo) le luthuh zongah an sernak. India khuhlu (Amla) in an sermi shampoo le luthuh thauhang hna cu sam fehtertu, thattertu le par har tertu asi tiah an ruah.

  Ahnah le thei aa zat ngacha in a tlai kho

Laimi zong kan riantuan ning a hrang, kan eidin a chia, kan tiram le khuacaan ruangah zawtfah a tam ngai nain, Laimi hi zeicadah kan ngan a damtuk hnga? Cancer, thikai, zunthlum, lungzawtnak (heart disease phunphun), kal zawtnak le thin cancer phun phai te hna hi, miphun dang he epchun ahcun, Laimi lakah a rak tlawm tuk. Hihi a ruang zeidah a si hnga ti khi ka ruat tawn. Ka ruah tawnmi cu, khuhlu le thei dangdang kan ei tuk caah asi lai tiah ka zumh.

Hi bantuk in research an tuahnak ca rel tik ahcun, Lairam ah khuhlu a rak tam tukmi zong Pathian nih kan miphun caah a kan ser piakmi thil pakhat asi  ko. Khuhlu hi sii ca zongah biatak tein hmailei ahcun hman khawh a si te theu lai tiah zumhnak a um. A pum in kan ei sawhsawhmi zong minung ngandamnak caah tampi san a tlai ding asi.

 Sipuazi Caah

India le ram cheukhat ahcun khuhlu hi meh (pickle) aphunphun le juice caah an hman. Sipuazi caah an cin. Minung tampi caah rumnak le sipuazi tha a si. Lairam zong hi, minung kan tam deuh lai, fimnak a thangcho deuh lai, lamsul a that e lai i, khi tik ahcun khuhlu hi sipuazi caah kan cin ve te lai. Nihin ni ahcun a thatnak kan theih lo caah a hman zia zong kan thiam rih lo. Hmailei ahcun eidin le hang (juice) phunphun ah kan siam khawh te lai.

Dur chungah a ci an erhmi khuhlu kei

   Hmunkhat ah tampi in sipuazi caah an cin

                    Market ah a hring in an zuar

           Lairam zong ah hitin cin ve a herh

Humhimnak

Lairam kan van a tha. Cin hau lo in khuhlu tamtuk kan ram ah a keu. Hi tluk in a sunglawimi thei kan ram ah amah kokek tein a keumi hi, humhim a herh. Tha tein kan humhim khawh le karhter khawh ahcun, hmailei ah kan miphun caah pawcawmnak le thanchonak a kan pe khotu ding thei a sit e lai. Cucaah hitin khuhlu in kan zohkhenh le humhim a herh:

(1) Khuhlu kung hau le thah lo ding

(2) Lawh tikah a khiah in khiah lo le a nge thlangh lo ding

(3) Mei a huat ngai caah mei in khangh lo ding

(4) A thar in a keumi hna thatein zuah le puitling lak in thanter ding

(5) Pumpak nih lo bantuk in cin i sipuazi caah hmannak a lam kawl ding

Tisor Minthang Bik 12

Vawleicung ah tisor dawhdawh tampi an um. Hi tisor cheukhat cu vawleicung Kokek Thil Khuruahhar (Natural wonders of the world) ah aa telmi an si. Mi tambik nih theih le lenmi alarbikmi tisor ka van tar hna.

1. Niagara Falls (Canada & US Ramri)
Pe 167 (51 m) a sang. Minute1 ah tii million 6 cubic feet a tla. Tisor lian taktak a si nain, Victoria tisor nak in ti tlami a tlawm deuh. Canada le US ramkar ah a um caah vawleicungmi tambik nih zoh le lenmi tisor a si. September 2012 ah catialtu zong ka phan ve. Tiilawng kan i cit i tisor chuncha akeuhnak pawng tiang kan kal kho. Tih zong anung. Khuaruahhar tisor asi. Tisor umnak Baffalo khua ah, Laimi 200 fai an um.



2. Angel Falls, Vanezuela (Canaima National Park)
Hi tisor hi Gauja Tiva cungah a um asi. Cu tivapi cu Churun Tivapi ah a va fawn.
Vawleicung ah asang bikmi tisor asi. Tiros umnak hi rili in pe 4,209 a sannak ah a um. Tisor a sannak bik hi, pe 3, 212 a si. 1912 ah Venezuela ramthar kawltu Ernesto Sanchez La Cruz nih a rak hmuh hmasat nain, a kong a rak chim lo. American vanlawng mawng Jimmie Angel nih November 16, 1933 ah vanlawng cungin a rak hmuh. Cucaah amah min chuankhan in Angel Falls tiah an tinak a si. Cuticun hi tisor cu, 1937 ah vawleicung pumpi ah theihter hmasat a si. Amah Jimmie Angel a thih i, a ruak an khanghmi meidap hi, July 2, 1960 ah hi tisor cungah an rak theh. UNESCO World Heritage hmunhma pakhat a si.






3. Victoria Falls (Zimbabwe and Zambia, Africa)
Vawleicung ah ti tambik a luangmi tisor a si. Fur caan ahcun minute 1 ah 19 million cubic feet aluang. Pe 108 meter a sang. 1.7 Km a kau. Tisor tlami khu hi meng 25 ahlatnak in hmuh khawh a si tawn ti a si.




4. Kaieteur Falls (Guyana, South America)
Pe 741 asang; pe 370 a kau. Hmun bite chungah ti tambik hmunkhatte ah a tlami tisor a si. Atuanbia phundang ngai a si. Hi tisor hi Guyana ram Patanoma miphun ramuk bawi "Kai" timi pa nih, an ram a rak dohtu miphun sual pawl kut in an rak luatnak hnga ding caah, Makonaima timi a liannganmi thlarau lungtonnak ding caah, vokkuanglawng fate in hika tisor ah a rak zuang i, amah pum lila rai a rak i thawi. An miphun holh hi, "Teur" ticu tisor (Falls) tinak asi. Cucaah "Kaieteur" tiah an holh in an ti.



5. Gocta Falls (Peru)
Peru ram miphun Chachapoya hna nih, hi tisor hi 2005 tiang an thuh. Vawleicungmi nih tisor a um an rak thei lo. 2005 ah Peru ramthar kawltu Stefan Ziemendorff le a hawi le nih hi tisor hi an hmuh i, an tah tikah pe 2,531 a sang.  Tisor min ah Gocta Falls tiah an bung. Gocta cu hi tisor pawng ah, AD 800-1400 karah tiang minung an rak umnak khua asi. Chachapoya miphun hna nih, "hi tisor kong hi midang chimh ahcun, hi tisor chungah a ummi sam-sennu (blond nu) timi te nih chiar a serh hna lai tiah an zumh caah, an rak phuan ngam lonak asi" ti asi.



6. Yosmite Falls (Yosemite National Park, USA)
Pe 2,390 a sang. Yosemite timi Indian miphun min chuan in sakmi tisor asi. Yosemite timi sullam cu "Mi that pawl" ti asi. Hi Yosemite miphun hi hlan lioah mi thah lainawn an hman tawn caah an pawngkam miphun hna nih an tih tuk hna i, cuticun min an saknak hna asi.




7. Sutherland Falls (New Zealand)
Pe 1,904 asangmi a si. Lake Wakatipu tibual lam a kawlnak ah, Donald Sutherland timi pa nih a va hmuh caah amah min chuankhan in an auhmi asi. Tisor dawh ngaingai a si.




8. Iguazu Falls (Argentina and Brazil, South Africa)
Tisor aa thawknak hi Km 2.7 a kau. Tisor 275 a um. Pe 269 a sang. Iguazu timi cu, Guarani asiloah Tupi miphun holh asi i, asullam cu "aliannganmi tii" tinak asi. Tuanbia ah hitin an chim: "patian nih hi tisor pawng aummi ngaknu te hi thit a rak duh; ngaknu te nih a rak duh lo i, amah a duhmi atlangval pa he vawkkuanglawng fate (canoe) in hi tivapi ah an zam; pathian kha a thin a hung i, tiva kha a cik le tisor a ser i, cu aa duhmi ngaknu tlangval cu, a zungzal tisor si ding in dan a tat hna" tiah an ti.



9. Ouzoud Falls (Morocco, Africa)
Ni linhnak ramah a ummi tisor asi. Pe 330 (110 m) a sang. Africa ah min a thangmi tisor a si. Dawt thum in a um. Wadi-Abid timi tivapi cungah a um. Acung sannak bik in a tangbik tiang ahcun meter 600 asang. An miphun holh in, Ouzoud timi cu, "Fang rialnak" (act of grinding grain) ti asi. A sining aa tlak ngai. Hi tisor pawng ah hin, tii thazaang in eidin rialnak seh tampi aum. A umnak hi hmunhma nuam asi. Apawng ah nelrawn hringtete, thingkawp phunkip le El Abid Tivapi kuar minthang ngaingai a um.






10. Kunchikal Falls (India)
India ram ah asangbikmi tisor asi. Vahari Tivapi cungah aum i, pe 1,493 (455 m) a sang. Movie thlaknak zong ah tampi a cuangmi asi. India ram ah tourist tambik an kalnak hmunhma pakhat asi.

 

11. Mount Roraima (Venezuela, Brazil le Guyana ramri)
Hihi tisor hna hi, a dawh ngaingaimi le a sang ngaingaimi an si. South America ram, Pararama tlangthluan peh ah aummi a si. Ram pathum ramri ah aum. Vanezuela ram ah area kau bik aum. Riri pe 9,219 a sangmi a si. A sannak bik hmun zawn cu Vanezuela ram ah a um. "Tepeui tlangcung rawn" an tinak hmun ah  aum. Amah tlangpi hi a hram in, ding te tah ah pe 7,671 a sang. Ding tein a chennak zawn hi cu, pe 1,300 a sang. Acung rawnpi hi 31 Km square a kau. 1596 ah Sir. Walter Raleigh nih a kong a rak tial hmasat bik. Hi tlangchengpi ah hin, Harry Inniss Perkins le Everard F. im Tuurn timi pa khi an rak tum hmasat. Hi vawlei hi vawleicung vawlei ah a tar bik pawl asi i, kum 2 billion (2,000,000) a tarmi vawlei a si. "Sherlock Homes" tuanbia tialtu Mirang catial thiam Sir. Arthur Conan Doyle nih hi tlang chuankhan in, "The Lost World" timi tuanbia cauk a tial.


12. Thluak hniksaknak caah tuahmi tisor kong a si. Vawleicung tisor minthang ah aa tel lem lo. Hi tisor hi dawt 7 a um; a dawt cu an sang tuk lem lo. A san hi Pe 300 tluk a sang. A umnak ram i tisor minthang bik a si. Tiva in a chaklei ah tiva pahnih an i tong. Tiva pakhat i aa semnak ah tlang tibual dawh taktak a um. Tibual cu Km 22 asau, 10 Km tluk a kau. Cu tibual cu a umnak ram ah, tourist tambik nih zohmi tlang tibual a si. Hi tisor pawng ah hin, an ram cozah nih hydro electric power tambik an laknak hmun a si i, zehzung No.1, No.2, No.3 ti in a um. Hi tisor hi hi ram i ramkulh hmebik ah a ummi tisor a si.  Hydro electric hi kum 50 tluk an tar cang. Ram pakhat nih hi ram cu a rak tuk i, Ralpi 2 nak a dih hnu ah, ral tuk ruangah an ram thilri a hrawh piakmi hna chamnak caah a rak ser piakmi hydro electric a si. Hi ram cu cozah chia taktak nih kum 50 tluk an uk. Hi tisor umnak ram hi, vawleicung sifak bik ram pakhat ah UNO nih an chiah.

Question (1) Hi tisor umnak ram min? (2) Tisor min? (3) A umnak ram kulh min? (4) Hi hydro electric serpiaktu ram hi zei ram dah a si? Ruat hmasat. Aphi na theih lo hnu lawngah atanglei ah aphi zoh ding.


          Tisor dawt 7 ummi



Hydro electric an laknak

Hydro electric caah an khammi tidil

Aphi cu hihi a si.

(1) Kawlram
(2) Lawpita Yitakhun
(3) Kayah State
(4) Japan ram

Landslide in the Chin State Myanmar

The Chin State is in the western part of Myanmar. It is a hilly region and is the poorest state in Myanmar. The soil in this region is young and the land is not stable in many places. The top soils sifted a lot in many areas every year. The landscape in the Chin State is like V-shape.

     Scenery of the Chin State



Hakha, Chin State capital, is situated 6200 ft above sea level

The mountains are steep and high; the gorges are deep and valleys are small. The flat land area is scarce even to build a soccer fields for school. Villages and towns are built on the slope of the mountain or ridges or hill. Some villages are in the small valley near the river under high mountain.

Cities are built on the slope of the hill like Falam


             Downtown Falam



 The terrain of the region affects landslides and surface water flow and distribution. Landslides are very common during the rainy season. In the Chin State, roads are built around the hillside and they go around the mountain, the ridges and cross deep gorges, rivers and stream like a snake. Heavy rains triggered landslides every year in the region and the landslides destroyed roads, bridges, houses and villages in the region every year.


Hakha-Gangaw Road


Landslide in Gangaw Road


Passenger Bus stuck in the mud

Thawng Lian Thang, Chinland Guardian, reported in October 7, 2013 that at least 768 landslides occurred across the Chin State between 21 August and 11 September 2013, according to the Chin State government's statistic. This number is very high comparison with the size of the state.

Ngun San Aung, Minister of Transportation, said in the Chinland Post "The cost of repair and maintenance is estimated to be high. But its details can be revealed at the end of the year" said Chinland Guardian's reporter.

One couple, Pu Ngun Khar and his wife, lost their lives near Nganva river between Lungkhing and Lungrang villages in the mud caused by the landslide in August, 2013.


Buses, cars and truck stuck in Hakha-Gangaw Rd (Photo: CG)

The highest number of landslides occurred on the Mindat-Matupi road, followed by Hakha-Kalay and Teddim-Tonzang-Taingen road, according to Chinland Guardian. Landslides blocked Hakha-Gangaw road for days in August 2013. This kind of problems are common in the Chin State.

Ten homes have been affected and relocated in the capital of Chin State in this year alone and 90 homes in Laizo and Zarlai villages in Falam township this year alone. Landslides occurs every year especially in the Dawrthar area, Hakha, the capital city of Chin State by and large.

Therefore the Chin Baptist Churches USA sponsored $2000.00 in 2012 and formed an interest group to do virtual tour and some investigation about the landslides in Hakha town. The result of the survey would be published in the near future. I have a huge concern for the landslide in Hakha for years. I wrote three articles in Chin about this issue in my blog, Muko Makazine and Zion Church Makazine. My online article of Hakha Leimin Research Tuahnak, in Chin dialect can be read in my blog at semnaklairam.blogspot.com/2013. 




Landslide in Tiddim Township, August 2011

The torrential rains caused flooding and landslides in Tiddim Township in August 2011 that affected relocation of 500 families. Farms, bridges and roads were heavily damaged and some villages were relocated in a safer places.

This landslides will cause the a lot of financial burdens to the state and individual families in the future since the landscape is naturally steep and the soil is soft and the villages and towns are build on the slope of the hills. There is always another chance of landslide in the region especially in the rainy seasons. The people need to be aware where the house should be built and need to have extra precaution when the rains is heavy.

The following images are landslides in the Chin State. Photos are taken from various sources.


 
Landslide in Falam Township destroyed road completely


     Rebuilding the road is tough

     Bus and trucks are over loaded.




People used to travel like this

Some roads in the Chin States are very dangerous. Some roads cross the deep gorge and the high cliff. Sometimes it seems like going to death road. Some roads are too dangerous and i would called them "Roads of Death" since many people died in car accidents. It is always scary riding full loads truck on unpaved roads.