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| Abur duh ngaimi Ash Tree |
Vawilei thilnung himbawm tein a umnak ding caah a biapi bikmi thil cu Oxygen thli a chuah i Carbondine Oxide thlichia a dawptu "thingkung le thingram" an si. Thingkung le thingram vialte hi thi dih hna sehlaw, vawleipi cu a um ko lai nain, a chung ummi minung le thil nung vialte kan thi dih lai. Cucaah "Thingkung cu minung le saram vialte hawi tha bik an si."
Ngaihchia ngai asimi cu, cu kan hawi tha bik cu nihin ni ah rihma ngeilo in an lo cuahmah cang. Minung nih kan hrawh lawng silo in, mei, tii, thli, nilin le rungrul zong nih an hrawh thluahmah cang hna. Kan hawitha bik an lotlau thluahmah cang. US nih Thlapa an lamh khawh ko. MARS zong kai ding in saduh an that ko nain, an ramchung i thingkung million in a thattu rungrul cu an tei kho ti lo.
Cu rungrul cu a mak taktak. A muizoh ah duh a nung tuk. Cu rungrul cu US ah aa semmi asi lo. Ramdang in a ra mi asi. Cu rungrul nih, US nih an uar ngaingaimi thinkung, "Ash Tree" hi a duh tuk i, million tampi a thah cang. North America chungah Ash Tree 8.7 billion a thah cang ti asi. 2019 ahcun cu rungrul ruangah US sipuazi ah $10 billion tiang sunghnak a chuahpi cang lai an ti. Cu rungrul cu zeidang asi lo. Tlumtle bantuk duh a nungmi "Emerald Ash Borer" (EAB) timi asi.
Thingram sceintist nih an phan bikmi cu EAB rungrul nih, "Thingkung dang a tlak sual lai?" ti hi a si. Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio i hlathlaitu (researcher) pawl nih cun, "EAB nih hin thingkung dang-white fringetree-hi doh hram a thawk" tiah Professor Don Cipollini nih a ti. "White fringetree" hi US hmun tampi ah a keumi asi i, chaklei in Florida tiang an keu. Nihin ni tiang ahcun, Ash Tree hi tambik a hrawh.
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| Ash Tree hi an bur ngaingai |
EAB nih a ral thanmi White Fringe Tree
Ash Tree hi US ah tampi a keumi kokek thinkung asi. Thingram thiammi hna nih "Flaxinus Genus" tiah Latin holh in an auh. Aphun a tam. Phun (65) a um. An hnah hi tlawm tete an i dang nain an phun aa khat. A cheu cu an niam i, a cheu an sang ngaingai. A cheu cu an hnah a thawng deuh i, a cheu cu a nem deuh. Acheu cu an var deuh i a cheu cu an nak deuh. A cheu cu pangpar phun an ngei i, a cheu cu thei phun an tlai. Anu le pa in an um. Lairam kuhthing le fahia he an i lo pah. Hi thing hi Lairam le Kawlram ah an um rua lo.
Ash Tree cu nge a tam. Ahnah a tam tuk caah a bur ngaingai. Laitlang tuaihmawng bantuk in a bur. Atang hi ngaidem a tha. Lentecelhnak a rem. A hnah hi a hrin ning a that tuk caah le aa dawh tuk caah, sipuazi ca in an rak cin tawnmi thinkung an si. Pe 5-6 asimi cu kung khat ah $150-250 in an rak zuar tawn hna. Rumnak ah hmanmi thingkung pakhat a rak si. Nihin ni ahcun market ah an zuar ti lo.
Velvet Ash Tree in a khatmi tupi
Aa dawh ruang le abur ruangah lamkam ah tampi an cin. Lam a dulhtertu asi. Khuathar an tlaknak paoh ah tampi an cin tawn. An bur i an i dawh pin ah an i ruang ngaingai. Cucu duh a nunnak asi.
Ash Tree hi an mah le an phun hawih tein, an cinnak hmun aa dang. Lamkam ahcun a hnah aa dawh deuhmi te an cin tawn. A cheu cu pumpak inn, sizung, sianginn, mall, dawr le park ah tampi an cin hna. Ash Tree a keuhnak tupi cu thing a hmawng duh ngaingai i a nuam hlei tuk. Lamkam ah artlang in an cin ahcun lam a dawhter tuk.
Lamkam ah an cinmi Ash thingkung
Manchurian Ash Thingkung cu a sang ngaingai
Khua dawhtertu Ash Tree pawl
Acunglei i hmanthlak kan tar bangtuk in Ash tree hi lamkam ah ngaidem a thattertu le lam dawhtertu caah an cin tawn. Cu tluk a man a sungmi thingkung khamh khawh lo in, billion tam ngai an lo cang. Khuachung he ramtang he an thi ko. A cheu cu an hram tiang an thi; a cheu cu a bir than i aa ser thanmi zong an um ve. A cheu cu an temtuar taktak.
1997 ah USA ka phan. Kan sianginn pawng ah Ash Tree bur dawhdawh an rak um. Ash Tree asi ti awk ka rak thei lo. Ahram ah nawn thatha an toih nain, a par a car chin lengmang kha ka hmuh. Ange an ro thluahmah. Voikhat cu volunteer rian kan tuan i, cu thingkung cu a nge a romi vialte kan hau ahcun a dam ko lai tiah ka ti. Ka hawipa he a nge a thi mi vialte kan thlangh dih. A kum vui ahcun nge dang tampi an thi than. Ahnu kum 2 ahcun a kung ning pi in a car. Ka khuaruah a rak har tuk.
Ka chawhnak kip ah thinkung thi cu ka hmuh chin lengmang. Lamkam thingkung dawhdawh an thi; ano he a tar he an thi hna. Ka khuaruah a har tuk. Thingkung hi zei ca dah hi ti rumro in an thih hnga? Vawleipumpi linh chin lengmang ruang ah asi hnga maw? Zeicadah thingkung no tete zong an thih hnga? ti ka ruat.
Hitin Ash Tree thingkung pawl an thih tikah, US minung tampi an khuaruah a rak har ve. Abik in thingram scientist pawl an lungre a thei khun. Ash Tree tamnak tupi ahcun, thingkung thimi a tam tuk caah, thingkung dong a carmi an rang thup ko. A carmi cu heh tiah an hau hna. Khuachung thingkung zong tam tuk an phur hna.
Toledo, Ohio i Ash Tree thimi
Ohio zongah thingkung thawng tam tuk a rak thi. Voikhat cu thadinca ah an tialmi cu, "Khua a linh ruang le ruah a tlawm ruangah thingkung tam tuk an thi" tiah an rak ti. Cuticun thingkung cu an thi thluahmah ko nain a ruang an rak thei kho lo. Ruah tlawm le nilin kha an rak puh cem.
Cuticun Ash Tree atamnak Michigan le Ohio ah thingkung tam tuk an thih tikah thingram scientist pawl an lau i, heh tiah an hlathlai. 2002 a phak tik ceu ah, Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) timi thingkung thihtertu thilnung pakhat kha Michigan Ramkulh athlanglei ah an rak hmuh hmasat.
Cu thilnung cu "Tlumtle" tiah Laimi nih kan timi phun khi a si. Aa dawh taktak. "Sing" timi lungvar bantuk asi caah "emerald ash borer" tiah min an saknak asi. "Emerald" ti cu "Sing" tinak asi. "Ash" cu "Ash" thingkung kha a chim duh. "Borer" timi cu "vit-tu, reitu, khuartu" tinak asi. Rungrul nih thing le lung hna kuar lak in a rei i an kalnak lam hngal lak in an tuahmi kha asi.
Emerald Ash Borer
EAB an phawl lio asi. Tii tam tuk an tit khawh
EAB nih hin thingkung hawng kha a rei. Hi Tlumtle bantuk thilnung nih hi tluk hakmi Ash Tree hawng a rei khawhmi cu khuaruahhar ngai asi. A rei hnu ah, akua a tuah i, cuka kua ahcun a ti a tit (Atanglei thingkua chungah a ummi EAB pi le an ti an tit lio asi). EAB pi nih a titmi ati cu, an than tikah rungrul (lava) ah an cang. Rungrul an si lio ah thinghawng le thing asa kar ah an lut i, thingkung sa le a hawng kar a nemnak kha an ei; a hram lei lengmang ah an tolh i, thingkung vitamin kalnak lam kha an hrawh dih. Thingkung vitamin kha an kham le hrawh caah, thinkung kha vitamin a ngei ti lo i a thi.
Cu rungrul cu an caan a tlin tikah a kua in an chuak i, EAB puitling ah an i chuah i an zuang. Cuticun EAB nih a tlak cangmi thingkung cu zeitluk lian asi zongah kum 2-3 chungah an thi colh. Sau an nung kho hrimhrim lo.
EAB nih thing hawng a reimi
EAB kua le rungrul an kalnak lamneh (Ref. www.google.com)
EAB tii an tit lio
EAB pi nih atit i a hrinmi fa asi
EAB an hmuh kum 2002 hnu lawng ah, Michigan Ash Tree hi million 10 leng athah cang ti asi. Ramkulh dang ah million tam tuk a thah rih. Ohio ahcun 2003 lawngah an hmuh. Asinain mah hlan ah thingkung tam tuk an rak thi cang. Ramkulh kip ah EAB thahnak le thingkung zohkhenhnak an tuah i, tangka million tampi dih in an doh cuahmah nain a karh lei peng asi rih.
Nihin ni ahcun, ramkulh (24) chungah EAB nih thingkung tampi a zawtter hna. Adang ramkulh cheukhat cu an phanhka te asi i, hi ramkulh 24 tluk in cun fahnak an tuar rih lo. US ramkulh (50) lak ah a tuar bikmi ramkulh hna cu:
Michigan, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia le Wisconsin hna an si. Canada ram Ontario le Quebec zongah an hmuh ve hna.
EAB (Tumtle) hi-Russia nichuahlei, Tuluk ram chaklei, Japan le Korea ram-hna ah a ummi asi. Khuaruahhar ngai asimicu hi kokek a chuahnak ram ahcun thingkung ramkung a rawk hna lo ti asi. North America aphanh tik lawngah Ash Tree hi a duh i a ei i a thah hna. Pathian thil serning hi khuaruahhar asi.
USA ah EAB doh hi an i zuam peng. Thingkung zawtnak nih a van tlak cangka tein khamh an i zuam nain an khamh khawhmi nakin khamh khawhlomi an tam deuh. Zeicatiah EAB hi an karh ning a ran tuk caah le an phakmi ram a kauh tuk caah asi. Cupinah thingkung chungah an um caah thah an har tuk. EAB thahnak ca le thingkung khamhnak caah tangka billion tampi a dih ding asi i, hi ral hi tei khawh ding asi lo tiah an ti. Tangka a dih tuk ding asi caah, hi ral hi doh aphu maw? Thingkung hi khamh a phu maw tiah aruatmi tampi an um.
Hi ruangrul hi an ci a mih tung lo le an mah tein an loh lo ahcun nihin ni tiang tei khawh dingmi dirhmun ah a um ti lo. Cun Ash Tree nih in khawhnak a ngeih i a in khawh dah ti lo ahcun rungrul hi, thah cawk ding le tei khawh dingmi asi lo ti asi. Atanglei hmanthlak hi zoh law, EAB nih khuachung lam caah rawhralnak zeitluk in dah a chuahter timi hmuh khawh asi.
Toledo i EAB nih a thah hlan (2006) le a thah hnu (2009)
Emerald Ash Borer Thahnak Lamthar
Ash Tree thlawpnak hi a lam a har ngaingai. Phun hnih lawng in thlawp khawh asi:
(1) Sii In Thlawpnak
Ash Tree hi aa dawh tuk caah le abur tuk caah pumpak a ngeitu le cozah nih thih an siang lo. Cucaah rungrul nih a tlakmi thingkung hna hi, sii an kah i, a tanglei bantuk in an thlawp hna. Thingkung pakhat thlawpnak ding caah $250 dih ahau.
Thingkung sii phun tampi a um i, "Tree-age" timi sii an chunh ahcun, EAB tii hi kum 2/3 chung cu thingkung ah an um lo tiah Michigan le Ohio Ramkulh thil hlattu pawl nih an ti. Thingkung pakhat haunak ah $700-1,200 kar a dih caah, thingkung lianmi cu hau lo in thlawp i nunter a miak deuh tiah an ti. Minung cawmnak ca hmanh a fawi lo lio caan ah, thinkung tiang sikah ding cu a fawi lo caah, Ash Tree khamh ding hi a har ngaingai ko.
Ash Tree an thlawp lio
(2) Azawmi Thingkung Hau
Ash Tree hi an zawt cang hnu ahcun kum 2/3 chungah an thi. Thing nih a celh in an celh lo. A zawmi thing rungrul nih kung dang a chonh sualnak hnga lo caah, a hau in hau le a khangh in khangh zong hi an hman. Atanglei bantuk in thingkung dawhdawh hi an hau hna le an khangh hna. Cu zong cu vansan bia asi. Thingkung dihlak hau le khangh ding cu a lam a um fawn lo.
Thlawp a har tuk caah azawmi cu hitin an hau hna
(3) Adang Thilnung in Dohnak
EAB hi Asia in a ra mi asi caah, amah a that khotu asiloah an karh a fumter kho dingtu thilnung an kawl tikah, "parasitoid" timi hnerhte le kocik bantuk asimi thilnung phun kha a tha tiah an ruah. Cucaah 2007 ah, cu rungrul cu China ram ah lak i North America ah thlah ding in cozah nih bia an rak khiah.
Cu Tuluk ram in "parasitoid" phun (3) an cawk mi hna cu, Spathius agrilli; Tetrastichus planipennisi le Oobius agrilli ti an si. Hi hna nih hin, EAB tii kha rawl caah an ei hna. Canada zong nih cu thilnung phun thum cu thlah ding in 2013 ah bia an khiah ve. Cun Spathius galinae timi hngerhte phun zong cu thlah chap ding in 2015 ah bia an khiah than.
Spathius agrilli
Tetrastichus planipennisi hngerhte phun
Oobius agrilli
Hawihlan an rak thlahmi thilnung phun (3) hna nih, EAB tii dah ti lo cu zeicang thilnung an hrawk hna lo ti a si. Hi thilnung (3) hna nih hin, an van thlahka a kum khatnak ah EAB nih a titmi tii pawl, tam tuk an hrawh kha an hmuh. Cun US khuasik zong ah an nung kho ti asi.
Tetrastichus planipennisi le Oobius agrilli hngerhter hna hi 2008 ah Michigan ah an thlah hna hnu in an karh ngaingai ti asi i, ruahchannak a um ngai tiah thingram lei mifim hna nih an ti.
Spathius agrilli cu North America ah an karh ning a fum deuh. Aruang asi kho men tiah an ruahmi cu, EAB nih a hrinmi rungrul pawl kha, upa an van i can lio caan, thal chuakka (spring) ah hin, EAB tii a tlawm caah eiding an ngeih tuk lo caah si kho men an ti. Cun hi hngerhte phun hi, adang bantuk in a kik a celh tuk lo. North America i degree 40 aa rinnak thlanglei lawngah an um khawh deuh caah asi an ti.
Hi hna pathum lakah hin Tetrastichus planipennisi hi a tha bik asi. Hi thilnung (3) hna hi US scientist nih hman awk an tha taktak lai maw timi hi an hlathlai peng lio asi rih.
Hi hngerhte phun (3) hna zoh tikah, Lairam ummi hngerhte lianmi kocik, hngerhte laisen, hngerhte lubo le a dang hngerhte thinkung cung um pawl nih khin an ei duh ngaingai lai tiah ruahnak ka ngei.
Beauveria bassiana
Pathian nih hin thil hi a ca hrang a rak ser cio. Khatlei ah EAB a rak ser i, khatlei ah EAB tii eitu a rak ser ve than. Cucaah thilnung kip hi sullam ngeite in Pathian nih a ser hna caah, a zei rira ngei lo in thah len ding an si lo. Hngerhte hna zong hi san an tlaihnak tampi a rak um ve than.
Ash Tree Thimi Hmanthlak Hna
Kan umnak Ohio hi Ash Tree tam tuk a umnak a si. Tam tuk hringhran an thi ve. An i dawh tuk. Nihin ni ahcun tam tuk an thi cang. Tupi cheukhat cu thing a thimi le a romi in, an cunglei hi an rang dih. Kan umnak pawng sizung Doctor's Hospital pawng ah Ash Tree cu dawh taktak in an cin i, atam deuh cu an thi cang hna. A pam tuk hringhran. Sian an um lo taktak. Khamh khawh le an si fawn lo. Atanglei thingkung hna hi, Columbus khuachung i ka chawhvaih pah ah hman ka thlakmi hna an si.
ECBC kan i pumhnak, Liberty Hill Baptist Church kan kalnak lam thing-hmawng pakhat i thingkung pawl a thimi an si. A parlei cu an car thup ko.
Kan i pumhnak lamkam biakinn hmai an cinmi thingkung pawl an si. Kum 5/6 asimi zong rungrul nih a tlak hnu ahcun an no lio te zong ah, hitin an thi ko hna. Biakinn zong a zoh an chiatter ngai.
Laimi tam nawn kan umnak Lake Eden Apartment kam ah Ash Tree cu an cin hna i, an thi len. Hihi a cheu a thi i, corh thanmi an si. An nung thai kho te hnga dek maw?
Lake Eden kam thiamthiam ah Ash Tree lianpi a thi hrulhhralhmi asi. Kan chairman Pu Sui Cung Apartment kamte ah a ummi asi.
Hi thingro pi hi 2008 Columbus kan pem ka ahcun a rak hring tukmi asi. Tlawmpal kan um ah a car ziahmah i, a thi. A hawng khi EAB nih an eimi cu asi. A nge a thimi a thlangh lengmang i, an thlawpbul lengmang nain, a donghnak ahcun Rungrul fate nih hi thingpi cu a tei i a thi ko.
Doctor's Hospital kam te ah Ast Tree dawhdawh an cinmi hna an si. 2008 ahcun Ash thingkung burbur tampi a rak um. Kung khat hnu kung khat in an zaw i, an thi. Hi hna hi sizung area luhnak ka zawn i an cinmi a nung rihmi an si. Hi zong hi zeitikdek an thih ve te lai ti lawng bawh asi ko.
Acunglei le atanglei hmanthlak hna hi, Galloway sang pakhat i an cinmi Ash Tree pawl an si. Atanglei hmanthlak ahcun a cheu cu an thi i an car ziahmahmi kha a langhter. Hi vialte hi zeitikdah an thaih lai ti lawng ruah dingmi cu asi.
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| Galloway ummi Ash Tree thih aa timmi kung hna Ash Tree thimi ka hmuh ah ka ui tuk hringhran. An i dawh tuk i an pam tuk. Ka kalnak kip ah hi thingkung rumro hi ka ngia i, a thimi kung tete hman ka thlak tawn tawn hna. Atanglei Ash Tree hna hi, Columbus khua chehvel i ka chawhnak i ka thlakmi hna an si. |
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| Rungrul nih a tlak i thih aa timmi Ash thingkung |
Atanglei hi EAB rungrul nih a tlak caah a liamcia kum 3 lio ah athi cangmi asi. A kung a feh caah a tlu kho ngaingai rih lo. Atang hi motor tampi nih cat lo ngacha in an zulhmi lam asi. Zeitikdah a tluk lai i, minung le motor caah khawndennak a chuak sual te lai maw tiah ka thin ka domh. US hi thingkung hau man a fah tuk caah City zong nih an hau duh lo i, private zong nih an hau duh lo. Hitin kan zoh cio ko. Zeitik dek a tluk te lai i, zeitin dek a tluk te lai? Minung le motor hna an in khawng sual te lai dek maw?
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| Thingkung dawhdawh zong hitin an thi |
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| Thih an zaat hlan ah hitin an thi hna |
Acunglei thingkung thimi hna hi, kan inn pawng ummi apartment kam ummi thingbur an si. Kung tam ngai abu in an thi i, a par a carmi tampi nan hmuh lai. Lamcung asi lo caah phan ding a um tuk lo.
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| Ano he a cang he EAB nih hitin a thah hna |
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| Acheu cu anu kung an thi nain a hram an bir than Acunglei thingkung thimi pi zong hi inn kam te ah asi. Thingkung hau man a fah tuk caah, an zoh sawhsawh ve ko. A tlu hrimhrim lai timi cu a fiang ko cang. A caan le zeitin dah a tluk lai timi lawng a fiang rih lo. Asinain an zoh sawhsawh ve ko. Mangkhawng le pial-lung bantuk asi ko cang! |
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Zohchunhmi Ca
1. http://www.emeraldashborer.info/map.cfm#sthash.bzKElaDD.dpbs
2. http://www.startribune.com/aug-8-ash-borer-treatments-costing-less-working-better/218936301/
3. http://entomologytoday.org/2014/10/10/emerald-ash-borer-may-have-spread-to-different-tree/
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