California Ah A Chuak Te Dingmi Lihninhnak

Jesuh Krih nih, "Caan dongh lai ahcun hmun kip ah li aa hnin lai" tiah a rak ti (Mark 13:7-8). Nihin ni vawlei hi zoh tikah hmun kip ah lihninhnak hi a chuak i, aa hninmi hi a fak deuhmi zong a tam chin lengmang. Jesuh bia a tling kan ti hnga maw? Vawleicung ah lihninh a tam chin chin lengmangmi hi, caan dongh lai hlah maw a nai tiah a ruatmi zong tampi an um.

Vawleicung hmunkip ka kip ah lihninhnak cu a tam chin lengmang i, cu lak ah lihninh a tam biknak hmu pakhat cu, U.S nitlaklei Pacific Rilikam ah a ummi California hi a si.

California hi, U.S ah a rum bikmi ramkulh a si. Minung tam biknak a si. Innlo thatha an umnak le mirum milian umnak a si. Hollywood umnak a si caah, U.S i hlasak thiam, mintha le mithami dawhdawh nih innlo thatha an i cawknak le khuasaknak ramkulh a si. Dawh ah min a thang i khualtlawng (tourist) tambik an kalnak ramkulh a si.

Cu tluk in aa dawhmi le a nuammi ramkulh hi, a leng in zoh ahcun duh a nung tuk nain a chunglei ahcun tih a nung taktakmi "lihninhnak ram" (earthquake zone) ah a rak um. A liamcia caan ah California hi a fak ngaingaimi lihnin a rak chuah tawnnak hmun a si. Lihnin fatuai le bang cu tam tuk aa hnin i, U.S ram pumpi ah lihninh a tamnak cem hmun a si (Meiti an cawh ruangah a tu ahcun Oklahoma hi lihninh a tam deuh ti a si).

U.S Geological Survey tuaknak ah California ah hin a tanglei lihnik fakfak hi a rak chuak bal tiah an ti. Mah hlan ah hin tampi a chuak cang nain tha tein catialmi cu a tanglei hna hi an si.

1. Fort Tejon; January 9, 1857                      (Fahnak 7.9)
2. Owens Valley; March 26, 1872                 (Fahnak  7.4)           
3. Imperial Valley; February 24, 1892           (Fahnak 7.8)
4. San Francisco; April 18, 1906                   (Fahnak 7.8) 
5. West of Eureka; January 31, 1922             (Fahnak 7.3)
6. Kern County; July 21, 1952                      (Fahnak 7.3)
7. Landers; June 28, 1992                             (Fahnak 7.3)

Landers i a rak chuakmi 1992 lihnin cu kan mah hna MIT kan kai lio a si. TV zongah a rak lang len. Hi lihnin ruangah hin, California thlanglei ummi khuapi Landers khua vawlei hi, a phei in pe 18 bak aa thawn i, a tung in pe 5.9 aa thawn ti a si. Minung pathum an thi i 400 renglo hma an pu. State pasarih tiang lihninh an rak theih. 

Hi a chunglei lihnin hna hi a fak biimi pasarih an thimmi hna an si. Hi nak ding deuh hi cu voi tam ngai aa hnin cang. Tahchunhnak ah, 1989 ah Loma Prieta lihnin hi California lihninh fak bik (7) chungah aa tel lo nain, 1989 World Series lio ah aa hninmi a si caah, a min a rak thang. Minung 63 an thi i 3,000 renglo hma an rak pu. 

1989 San Francisco lihnin nih highway lampi hlei a hrawhmi

California vawleitang umtuning le thil sining an zoh lengmang tikah, a ra laimi kum 30 chung ah hin California ah 6.7 asiloah cu nak cak deuh lihnin a chuak lai tiah an ti. Cucu 99.7% a fiang cang ti a si. California chaklei ah chuah ding hi 97% a si i, thlanglei ah chuah ding hi 93% a si tiah an ti. 

Cu tluk a fakmi lihnin nih California hi 1994 ah Northridge ah a rak chuak. Minung 9,000 hma an rak pu. $25 billion innlo rawhralnak a chuak. 

Pasadena i U.S Geological Survey i vawlei hninhnak kong a thiammi Ned Field nih cun, "A hrampi cu, hi lihnin hi a chuak taktak dingmi a si ko" tiah a ti. 

California hi vawleicung ah lihnin a tam biknak hmun pakhat a si. A ruang cu vawleichung a thuhnak ah a ummi lungdar lianlian-Pacific le North American Plates- an i tonnak hmun a si caah asi. Cu lungdar lianlian cu pakhat chaklei hawih in a kal i, pakhat kha thlanglei hawih in aa thawn. California kam ah an i tong. Cu an i hnurnak hmun ah, lihnin hi a chuak tawn. 

Pacific Plate (lungdar) pi hi, vawleicung lungdar ah a kau bik a si i, kili meng 40,000,000 (sq miles) a kau. North America Plate (lungdar) pi hi kili meng 29,000,000 (sq miles) a kau ve. 

Pacific Plate hi kum fatin in 56-102 mm tluk in, nitlak-chaklei hawih ah aa thawn. North America Plates hi nitlaklei hawih in kum khat ah 20-25 mm aa thawn. Cu ti an i thawn caah, vawlei chung meng tampi a thuhnak ah a kak i, vawlei aa cheu i lihnin a um tawnnak a ruang bik a si. 

Hi Pacific Plate le North America Plate an i tonnak hmun ah a um caah, California hi lihnin a tam tuknak a si. Cuaah California hi Mirang nih "Ring of Fire" (Mei Kutdonghrolh) tiah an timi area ah a um. California a thlanglei hi chaklei nakin lihnin a tam deuh i kum khat ah 10,000 kuakap hi lihnin a chuak tawn. Asinain an din te caah rawhnak ngaingai an chuahpi tuk lo.

Southern California Earthquake Center le California Geological Survey hin California ram pumpi ca hi an ngeihmi thilri nih a tuah khawh ning hawih in, ramkulh chung dihlak in an zoh. A caan ahcun, hmunhma pakhat lawng zong kha biapi ah chiah in an zoh.

Tahchunhnak ah, 2003 i ca an tialmi ahcun, San Francisco Bay Area ah hin 6.7 tluk tiang a fak khomi lihnin chuah ding hi 62% a si i, cu lihnin cu 2032 ah a chuak lai an ti. An hlathlai thar (study) thar ahcun 2037 kum tu a chuak lai. Cucu 63% a si an ti. Los Angeles Basin area ah hin chuah khawhnak ding caah 67% a si tiah an ti. Los Angeles area ahcun a liamcia caan ah an chimmi epchun ding a um lo.

Lihnin kong hi chim chung awk a har tuk caah, scientist zong nih hin "zei tik sette le khawika sette ah dah lihnin a chuah lai" timi cu an chim kho lo. Lihninhnak ram ah kan um caah, ralring tein um peng ding tu hi kan rian a si ko tiah an ti.

University of Southern California ah a ummi, Southern California Earthquake Center director Tom Jordan nih a chimmi cu, "Thaizing ah maw asiloah kum 10 chung ah maw zeitik paoh ah a chuak hrimhrim ko lai" tiah a ti ve.

California Ramkulh chung ummi, vawei-cheumi (faults) vialte hi, Southern San Andreas timi vawleikak mi he an i pehtlai. Cun San Andreas vawleikak hi thlanglei ah Parkfield in chaklei Salton Sea timi tiang a kakmi a si i, meng 750 a sau. Kum fatin in 20-35 mm aa then ti a si.

Hi San Adreas Fault (vawleikak) hi, zeitik paoah aa cheu te kho men tiah scientist nih an ruah. Hi hnu kum 30 chungah Northrige-size ah lihninh dingmi hi 59% zumh a si i, chaklei kam ah aa hninh dingmi hi 21% tluk a si tiah scientist nih an ti. San Andreas vawlei kakmi nih 1906 San Francisco lihnin a rak chuahter.

Lihnin a chuak te lai tiah ruahmi San Andrea vawleikak hmunkhat

Scientist pawl an lungre a theih rihmi cu, Hayward le San Jacinto vawleikak (faults) nih hin, Northridge-size tluk a fakmi lihnin hi hi hnu kum 30 chung ah, chuah khawhnak hi 31% a um tiah an ti. Hayward vawlei kak hi, minung an chahnak San Francisco Bay a palmi vawlei kak a si. Cu vawlei kakmi le Jacinto vawleikak hi a thancho ning a rang taktakmi San Bernardo khuapi ah an i tong. Hi ka zawn ah fak tuk in li aa hninh sual ahcun, minung tampi thihlohnak, innlo le lamsul rawhralnak fak tuk a um te lai tiah an ti.

Hi lihnin hi zeitik paoh ah a chuak khomi a si. Thaizing zong a si kho. Hi hnu kum 10 zong a si kho. Cucaah, California ummi minung paoh nih cun ralring te le timh cia tein um a herh zungzal ko. Zeicatiah cu lihnin cu zei tik set ah dah a chuah lai timi hi theih khawh a si lo caah a si.

Cucaah California ummi caahcun taksa khamhnak caah ralrin a hauh tuk bantuk in, thlarau khamhnak zong ah timh cia tein um chinchin a herh. Zeicatiah tih a nung taktakmi lihnin hi zeitik paoh ah a chuah khawh caah a si.

Zeitik paoh ah lihnin a chuah khawhnak hmun San Andrea Fault

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Chinchiah

California lihnin kong tam deuh rel duh ahcun a tanglei website ah rel khawh a si.

1. San Andrea Fault is ready to blow
https://newspunch.com/san-andreas-fault-is-ready-to-blow-says-expert/

2.